吸煙會引致肺癌機率大幅度上升,究竟現今有沒有充分證據證明這句說話呢?602Please respect copyright.PENANA4yLTls2aNO602Please respect copyright.PENANAxonsXlX331
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(圖2)講述之前,我們快速了解一下癌症形成的概論。602Please respect copyright.PENANAuHvPoVwJvr602Please respect copyright.PENANASrb0c8eGRv
正常的細胞,裡頭擁有一系列的機制控制生長速度,確保不會出現無止境繁殖的局面。602Please respect copyright.PENANAikD22vYlfm
而當正常細胞的DNA發生異變的時候,大致上會迎來四個結局。602Please respect copyright.PENANAAcXurEmIag
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通常情況下,細胞會立刻修復DNA的變異,使變異細胞回復成為正常細胞。602Please respect copyright.PENANA4vl36Frxjx
若果DNA修復機制失效的話,免疫細胞會辨認變異細胞為外來之物,將其殲滅以免遺禍人間。602Please respect copyright.PENANAk7R8ofMVir
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而如果修復DNA機制及免疫系統同時失效的話,便會有兩種可能性的發生。602Please respect copyright.PENANADSF1P3B4Wy
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假若異變DNA原本的工作是負責控制生長速度、而其變異導致自身功用失效的話,細胞便有機會不受控地自我繁殖,形成腫瘤。602Please respect copyright.PENANAtfrY79dpu9
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而如果異變DNA對發展癌細胞方面沒有任何幫助的話,那細胞便不會發展成為癌細胞,繼續攜帶變異DNA以正常速度繁殖。602Please respect copyright.PENANAkOMAP7IgRC
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總言而之,DNA發生變異是正常細發展成為癌細胞的第一步。602Please respect copyright.PENANAidBfy0TlKI
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(圖3)為探討吸煙對DNA變異的影響,有研究找來對應群組(3個兒童、4個非吸煙者、6個已戒煙人士、3個尚有食煙習慣的渣滓)作檢驗(Ref1),分別抽取各人的氣管細胞,以逐個細胞的方式檢驗DNA,以作DNA變異程度的觀察之用。602Please respect copyright.PENANAEAauCHL6NE602Please respect copyright.PENANAGFnxvVqk6x
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(圖4)DNA的變異有幾種方式,如圖中所見,吸煙人士的DNA變異均比非吸煙者為多頻密。602Please respect copyright.PENANAl3CDTFAAvq602Please respect copyright.PENANAfxZxJjb89e
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(圖5)而最為重要的是,吸煙人士的氣管細胞擁有更多已知會導致癌症出現的基因轉變,這一系列的資料均指出吸煙是會增加癌症出現的機會。602Please respect copyright.PENANAT8qceEwp77
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(圖6)當然,凡事也是有例外的!602Please respect copyright.PENANAMJuIWLokog602Please respect copyright.PENANAIR2HjFoTng
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio602Please respect copyright.PENANAsBaX0y5i59
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1961-1
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