埃及斑蚊,英文名為yellow fever mosquito,學名為Aedes aegypti,是白紋伊蚊的近親。733Please respect copyright.PENANAwAKW0Y6hKO
733Please respect copyright.PENANAqElvaoM9ET
(圖1)男性品種不會叮人,只有女性品種才會叮人,藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。733Please respect copyright.PENANALzR2r5P17F733Please respect copyright.PENANAPZQQewDALx
733Please respect copyright.PENANA1VGqpVA2qT
殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子,但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。733Please respect copyright.PENANAcLFeY62szL
733Please respect copyright.PENANA4IsemHhxwr
而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係,建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。733Please respect copyright.PENANAklsK0H7YC6
733Please respect copyright.PENANAIKyaE5br5N733Please respect copyright.PENANAGnYi9Ec5YP
733Please respect copyright.PENANAOhlX4asJdF
(圖2)有見及此,Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。733Please respect copyright.PENANAdsFCjiSbFs
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素(Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候,研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素,但當他們被放到野外的時候,便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素,沒能順利生長成為蚊子。733Please respect copyright.PENANAhqctRwcBTi
733Please respect copyright.PENANAEZD5v28iO8
男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話,將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。733Please respect copyright.PENANAEMERDEhUNI
733Please respect copyright.PENANAfYpXuBWWBS
在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下,正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子,而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。733Please respect copyright.PENANAySY3yjA4h6
733Please respect copyright.PENANAr0PVyM3W1u
以這個方式推算下去的話,蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。733Please respect copyright.PENANAoQYIZ68ZqF
733Please respect copyright.PENANAIDyGEE3RTD733Please respect copyright.PENANAr4OkBbVSGB
733Please respect copyright.PENANADVzTMO2QyK
(圖3)Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。733Please respect copyright.PENANAyNCcPJYtoo
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。733Please respect copyright.PENANAKlUR2poe3J
733Please respect copyright.PENANAOdLcJRCy6B
今年2020年8月,他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。733Please respect copyright.PENANA8XRtp97VdU
733Please respect copyright.PENANAKrbOlNmBT1
此舉泛起不少反對聲音,不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。733Please respect copyright.PENANAE5jrCo8Nel
733Please respect copyright.PENANAdditvHbgRO
亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡,奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊,不會影響其他蚊子品種,其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替,不見得有任何大影響。733Please respect copyright.PENANAiC9Gzx8MaH
733Please respect copyright.PENANAVvC3WPe0xa
至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域,這點反而有著潛在的可能性,值得探討一下。
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睇番一大輪資料後,發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法,18個月之內係有成效,之後蚊子數量回升。733Please respect copyright.PENANAOlGv3C9fh4
733Please respect copyright.PENANAEltjPkkj30
今次美國所用的方法係OX5034,同舊原理差唔多,但女性BB會死,而男性BB唔會。733Please respect copyright.PENANAZ7kjr0f89M
733Please respect copyright.PENANAmLsQbuE8Li
無睇到佢哋媒體資料,只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章,所以資料有錯,對不起。
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。733Please respect copyright.PENANAtqOZ277UyL
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。733Please respect copyright.PENANAjjn0uX0LS4
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Link:733Please respect copyright.PENANAaZaWQu6gaB
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio733Please respect copyright.PENANAumNRiPL2Au
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。733Please respect copyright.PENANAsK4YwL11qb
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Ref:733Please respect copyright.PENANAlAJalLmGct
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3733Please respect copyright.PENANA7Ay5KDuZUi
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/733Please respect copyright.PENANAM1ZguZhiQW
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/733Please respect copyright.PENANAMRVvuHDKDV
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/
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