過度開採環境,最終受害的只會是人類自己。822Please respect copyright.PENANArKKpiatIKB
822Please respect copyright.PENANAET7BWFwab8
(圖1)19世紀,日本三井金屬礦業的神岡礦山過度開採,排出的重金屬累積在泥土裡頭,導致河旁的稻田穀物受到鎘(Cadmium)重金屬污染。822Please respect copyright.PENANACfqBWxXlSq822Please respect copyright.PENANAEYT9yci1GP
822Please respect copyright.PENANAQSb59zfnii
不知情的居民長期服用鎘污染的稻米,骨骼逐漸變得鬆脆,腎臟亦受到嚴重傷害。822Please respect copyright.PENANA91ayQyv7sO
最終日本醫生成功證實得到病因來自攝取過量的重金屬鎘,並把患者經常呻痛的病徵命名為痛痛病(Itai-itai disease)。822Please respect copyright.PENANA2PQyiF23PH
822Please respect copyright.PENANAeAtiwsQzo7
而稻米的鎘含度自此受到重視,世衛WHO更將大麥的鎘上限設為0.1mg kg−1,亦即是每一公斤大麥只可有一微克鎘。822Please respect copyright.PENANAa9vDBuJQ6l
822Please respect copyright.PENANAM4NGveXgPW
822Please respect copyright.PENANAAwP4E8oYoN
(圖2)一直以來,科學家已找出不少穀物吸取或代謝重金屬的基因,把穀物改造,盡量減低重金屬累積在穀物的程度。822Please respect copyright.PENANAIJBK6MC2RQ822Please respect copyright.PENANAMdLeU4By8C
822Please respect copyright.PENANAkSgHQWSpGA
近日有科學家比較世界100款大麥的鎘數量(Ref1),發現日本一款Haruna Nijo大麥的鎘含量最高(0.04mg kg−1),而阿富汗BCS318大麥款式則為最低(0.01mg kg−1)。822Please respect copyright.PENANAZpJrdXRSn9
822Please respect copyright.PENANAS44CLSwEZ8
(圖3)一輪比較過後,科學家證實阿富汗大麥的HvHMA3蛋白質數量比較多,為大麥減少吸收泥土鎘金屬的主因。822Please respect copyright.PENANAEBBu8rcVo7822Please respect copyright.PENANANFT46hy2aU
822Please respect copyright.PENANAjvc1RAulmm
最後證實,歸根原因是一段特定的基因安插在HvHMA3蛋白質基因的前頭,催促HvHMA3蛋白質的產生。822Please respect copyright.PENANAUiKsrScYDm
822Please respect copyright.PENANAmunQEkNyEu
科學家後來再找尋另外334款大麥,發覺有54種同樣被安插在同樣位置,而那54款品種又的確是含有較少的鎘金屬數量。822Please respect copyright.PENANAg60k4OMPcA
822Please respect copyright.PENANAqzjb6haXSl
822Please respect copyright.PENANAahkH33U4iq
最後,科學家把那段基因插在日本Haruna Nijo大麥的適當位置上,同樣亦能將鎘金屬數量減至與阿富汗品種相同,而產量及其他各種礦物質的含量並沒有任何的大改變。822Please respect copyright.PENANA6vZRxAJq6b
822Please respect copyright.PENANAAPtpBBOn3m
此基因的排序及位置已公開在資料庫上,好讓各種基因學家或相關人士可作參考盡量減低日後穀物的鎘金屬數量。822Please respect copyright.PENANAzDIKxwg7dF
822Please respect copyright.PENANAQs8HumjrJH
822Please respect copyright.PENANAd01HSARLWu
822Please respect copyright.PENANA5GskHtLVAR
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。822Please respect copyright.PENANAPoJAZnSzks
822Please respect copyright.PENANAytIklYRIIu
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc822Please respect copyright.PENANAuQwGe6QoST
822Please respect copyright.PENANAMzeD8XaU1P
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。822Please respect copyright.PENANAzlmlNYPN1U
822Please respect copyright.PENANAvwljsvuARu
Link:822Please respect copyright.PENANA75uxLGHCD3
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio822Please respect copyright.PENANAyEqOaOXho3
822Please respect copyright.PENANAfUEzQPhnns
822Please respect copyright.PENANAQmvH2zGTCv
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。822Please respect copyright.PENANAHB1ehYoMUC
822Please respect copyright.PENANAXFiRcPwkET
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-020-0130-x822Please respect copyright.PENANAwf9CAJr3jO