上一篇的深入淺出講述了人體的體味,緊接以來的這一篇將會講述一下大自然界的「體味」互動。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAjsGRH8KpyM
1123Please respect copyright.PENANA4SkzgAF9V7
https://www.penana.com/article/4687151123Please respect copyright.PENANAD4EgKngyw3
1123Please respect copyright.PENANA3x3NNJS60u
適者生存,弱肉強食,一向被喻為大自然界的法則。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAfFWu1vAvJW
植物作為食物鏈的最底層,大多時候也逃不過被食物鏈上層生物侵食的局面。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAKrZKlaok4U1123Please respect copyright.PENANAEhNsoLKdLI
1123Please respect copyright.PENANALYPLScjDO7
圖1為毛蟲獵食樹葉的畫面,這棵植物並不是捕蠅草系列,看起上來的確沒有任何反擊或防禦的手段,任人魚肉。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAGywp1PTV9b
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAcEsZnqu3WG
但實情其實並非如此。1123Please respect copyright.PENANA2Gf9Egn8yt1123Please respect copyright.PENANAtlQBtIH6Ro
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAmNWrzwaMH4
圖2為椿象從後出現,反過來獵食毛蟲的畫面。然而,椿象的出現並不是偶然,而是植物暗中「召喚」而來的。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAU9H2PsWjD8
1123Please respect copyright.PENANA39JtR7mHwH1123Please respect copyright.PENANAWGKsFvqQ2w
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAOIcfTeKuts
圖3,當樹葉收到傷害的時候,它們會即時釋放出一堆統稱為 Green Leave Volatiles(GLV)的化合物(Ref1),這個情況下,毛蟲的口水包含著一些物質,會將這些GLV化合物由Z形態轉化成為E形態;1123Please respect copyright.PENANAvxepHwM0SA
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAUbobt54V3F
這物質究竟是甚麼,科學家暫時還沒清楚,只是知道該物質在高溫下便會失效。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAa0B1Vfk6Ip
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAAjgNmq5IO9
Z形態及E形態是化學用詞,用在描述化學物的形態。1123Please respect copyright.PENANA9n9H8FE2wy
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAwBmFD2pyWL
強硬來說的話,Z形態就是用胡蘿蔔當作雙耳、樹枝當作雙手的雪人。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAgkz0PTKvQS
而E形態就是用樹枝當作雙耳、胡蘿蔔當作雙手的雪人。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAfMMxPwFb3G
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAPBsB7eAZRm
大家所組成的元素均是一樣,但位置上卻有著不同的地方。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAQ5n1GZWjUU
1123Please respect copyright.PENANA7ONdRJPbh6
我並沒有能力再以更深入淺出的方式解釋,有興趣的話可以自行Google。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAjkraJgmHdQ
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAXXuOk93GCR1123Please respect copyright.PENANAah78RbtOsa
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAHtOaa13rMQ
圖4)對於椿象來說, E形態的GLV是一種非常強大的吸引劑,亦因而被吸引前來,反咬毛蟲。1123Please respect copyright.PENANARqMKpRfKDY
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAgFM0PffDOn
所以整件事情的來龍去脈,就是毛蟲傷害樹葉的時候,其口水觸化樹葉裡頭的摔發性化學物轉變,其轉變的化合物吸引捕食毛蟲的獵人前來,因而「間接」地救了樹葉一命。1123Please respect copyright.PENANADsGI2dqkrf
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAwJMac8lwP9
在這裡必須強調的是,這種關係是物種針對性的。1123Please respect copyright.PENANA2vC0o2nf2I
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAqLkzKmWOCS
科學家在一篇學術文章(Ref1)證實,若果毛蟲品種並不是圖1列明的那一個品種,其口水是不會觸發樹葉化合物Z到E的轉變。1123Please respect copyright.PENANABCCTrYsI9N
1123Please respect copyright.PENANANDukOMtwRK
植物是否會用不同的方式應付不同品種的入侵者,這暫時還是未知之數。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAhkFduzdgWQ
但至少圖1-4的物種互動已有科學證據支持,由此已經可以看得出大自然物種之間的互動是絕非簡單的。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAcIGosh7Yxb
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAZCAQn80iWK
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAeuQ9XhJJIl
1123Please respect copyright.PENANANtaxckqROB
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAyTLOFf5rnP
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAj5QzfguB6r
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1123Please respect copyright.PENANAFitf92AnA0
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAPY6BLOExZq
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。1123Please respect copyright.PENANAI5R9gAzHVn
1123Please respect copyright.PENANA7qu10ire8M
Link:1123Please respect copyright.PENANAOZbHzqMeQx
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1123Please respect copyright.PENANAwmPZa8i8CK
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAX1FZ2aV95u
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAka0wa7s8kb
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1123Please respect copyright.PENANA09bKfwEdCw
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAFzxZcjUp9i
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAxoC41WOjpB
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAy7FzpMrGit
1123Please respect copyright.PENANAocDVhBa6nB
Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5995/10751123Please respect copyright.PENANA98qGblWOVL