上一篇的深入淺出講述了人體的體味,緊接以來的這一篇將會講述一下大自然界的「體味」互動。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAPar1WCDd1D
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAGx2tJrWiiV
https://www.penana.com/article/4687151029Please respect copyright.PENANApZ0EGBS78w
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAgZllQcBQ4b
適者生存,弱肉強食,一向被喻為大自然界的法則。1029Please respect copyright.PENANA0nsffja67j
植物作為食物鏈的最底層,大多時候也逃不過被食物鏈上層生物侵食的局面。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAf0Ky9Jz54f1029Please respect copyright.PENANAiAkTMFATXp
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAiRPBTMhcm7
圖1為毛蟲獵食樹葉的畫面,這棵植物並不是捕蠅草系列,看起上來的確沒有任何反擊或防禦的手段,任人魚肉。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAGqB0zmvlo3
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAjSHqtcSTqJ
但實情其實並非如此。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAb9Au9FBoDr1029Please respect copyright.PENANAFDA4Q5M0ot
1029Please respect copyright.PENANA5TtGJJnPoB
圖2為椿象從後出現,反過來獵食毛蟲的畫面。然而,椿象的出現並不是偶然,而是植物暗中「召喚」而來的。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAFWQ8tE0rLy
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAiXQOlGzE0z1029Please respect copyright.PENANAxKgLhAd3l8
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAcrqFdWmm7E
圖3,當樹葉收到傷害的時候,它們會即時釋放出一堆統稱為 Green Leave Volatiles(GLV)的化合物(Ref1),這個情況下,毛蟲的口水包含著一些物質,會將這些GLV化合物由Z形態轉化成為E形態;1029Please respect copyright.PENANAy631lHQKvK
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAuLmw48AKP5
這物質究竟是甚麼,科學家暫時還沒清楚,只是知道該物質在高溫下便會失效。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAU32o1Nq0QW
1029Please respect copyright.PENANA7ViuPRjo4h
Z形態及E形態是化學用詞,用在描述化學物的形態。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAzQu8GGnyjd
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAZLvhpI4nx8
強硬來說的話,Z形態就是用胡蘿蔔當作雙耳、樹枝當作雙手的雪人。1029Please respect copyright.PENANA3zlikDj3K5
而E形態就是用樹枝當作雙耳、胡蘿蔔當作雙手的雪人。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAQgvJVDoKhV
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAh2zEN8OFKG
大家所組成的元素均是一樣,但位置上卻有著不同的地方。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAx6JSDpsVto
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAMxWn2IpQTQ
我並沒有能力再以更深入淺出的方式解釋,有興趣的話可以自行Google。1029Please respect copyright.PENANA7UgB7qrf7K
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAdFjyI3XdW51029Please respect copyright.PENANAf9zoTfST09
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAtrVVkcZQyY
圖4)對於椿象來說, E形態的GLV是一種非常強大的吸引劑,亦因而被吸引前來,反咬毛蟲。1029Please respect copyright.PENANA9kEmfAg8rt
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAZVSV5ByZlq
所以整件事情的來龍去脈,就是毛蟲傷害樹葉的時候,其口水觸化樹葉裡頭的摔發性化學物轉變,其轉變的化合物吸引捕食毛蟲的獵人前來,因而「間接」地救了樹葉一命。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAks6m1ayPoW
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAuVsEXEg0eO
在這裡必須強調的是,這種關係是物種針對性的。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAG8g2xvKWuN
1029Please respect copyright.PENANArWpuZjnKRo
科學家在一篇學術文章(Ref1)證實,若果毛蟲品種並不是圖1列明的那一個品種,其口水是不會觸發樹葉化合物Z到E的轉變。1029Please respect copyright.PENANANku8SST6tZ
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAF5pWGz1jGT
植物是否會用不同的方式應付不同品種的入侵者,這暫時還是未知之數。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAtPb83qZ9v3
但至少圖1-4的物種互動已有科學證據支持,由此已經可以看得出大自然物種之間的互動是絕非簡單的。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAv2rWv7WcZS
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAiiUt5g7FjA
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAqN6HtlIc9s
1029Please respect copyright.PENANApZVFNfcFsL
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAbwMNVjDTaS
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAXdiCqtkPyR
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1029Please respect copyright.PENANA79bvJsVINs
1029Please respect copyright.PENANA6KNE2XwxfL
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAX90MjHsmoV
1029Please respect copyright.PENANA0Wg4Vj8T33
Link:1029Please respect copyright.PENANAlYdEcjEZ0K
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1029Please respect copyright.PENANAQo26tSpIVR
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAY8VyGknU9t
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAGzoTqtzCVX
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1029Please respect copyright.PENANAqTGfB78l84
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAgMyF0fszdu
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAx0RzwSytbL
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAtYpWkJtmYQ
1029Please respect copyright.PENANAZ2RQmeg9DR
Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5995/10751029Please respect copyright.PENANAsI72OVwuiL