教育的氛圍及環境對兒童發展的影響極為強大,能否為下一代提供理想的學習環境,絕對是家長們需要深思的一道問題。862Please respect copyright.PENANA3fRuadgRCQ862Please respect copyright.PENANAdKFTyI7nsn
862Please respect copyright.PENANAjL8HvF9awR
同樣道理,癌細胞的周遭環境亦為它提供了有利抵禦外來藥物侵襲的能力。862Please respect copyright.PENANAmfIlX2WbwQ
要消滅癌細胞的話,必須了解它如何與周遭環境互動,再對其加以入手。862Please respect copyright.PENANAKzFjDTo5uV
862Please respect copyright.PENANA4OG2tmux13
(圖2)癌細胞的周遭環境極為複雜,事實上學界不少會以「器官」而非「細胞」來冠稱癌症,皆因它與多款周遭細胞建立了不少互利關係並寄予依賴,而非以單一個體的方式生存。862Please respect copyright.PENANAb3jIJIqsn8862Please respect copyright.PENANA1u7oqfUAOF
862Please respect copyright.PENANABUlUTnCaIt
基於癌細胞與周遭環境互動所涉及的範圍非常之多,本篇將只會粗略講及營養及氧氣這一範疇。862Please respect copyright.PENANATwmAJaimaX
862Please respect copyright.PENANApXpdjpcBfu
(圖3)血管是運送營養及氧氣的主要途徑,基於癌細胞的血管結構並不完整及參差不齊,以及腫瘤過度生長使靠近核心部份的區域遠離血管,腫瘤的某部份區域是經常性處於低氧氣及缺乏營養的狀態。862Please respect copyright.PENANAmCvmV5Vac5862Please respect copyright.PENANAX2JlZAjRXd
862Please respect copyright.PENANAnnAgWdVFsT
當然,這是實體腫癌才會遇上的情景,血癌或者浮遊在血液循環系統的癌細胞則較少會面對營養或氧氣缺乏的局面。862Please respect copyright.PENANANS0BhBugii
862Please respect copyright.PENANApBedZMFJj1
然而,從右圖可見,距離血管超過60μm的區域已經沒有氧氣能夠抵達,而腫瘤半徑超過100μm基本上是等閒之事,所以很多時候均會把腫瘤的環境定性為低氧狀態(Hypoxia),或完全缺氧(Anoxia)。862Please respect copyright.PENANAJKARYDh3St
862Please respect copyright.PENANAVfS3TQL4s5
外來的藥物需要經由血管輸送抵達癌細胞才能發揮功用,藥物基乎無法抵達癌細胞與血管距離較遠的區域,導致藥物沒能以有效的濃度抵達腫瘤各處。862Please respect copyright.PENANAnsqzCRwKPC
862Please respect copyright.PENANAE4RcX19uwN
而且癌細胞在缺氧缺營養的狀態下,生長速度會有所減慢,這正好避過不少針對快速生長細胞特性的化療藥物追捕。862Please respect copyright.PENANAtkrQ1dJaPS
862Please respect copyright.PENANAwDZUdLu9vW
除藥物外,放射性治療的放射線必需依靠氧氣作為媒體才能傳遞及散播,因此這方法沒能有效根治在低氧環境下的癌細胞區域。862Please respect copyright.PENANAbiirDnxPs1
862Please respect copyright.PENANA0dH37jdEaw
862Please respect copyright.PENANARwXdKdFICT
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。862Please respect copyright.PENANA74vuIbJcFs
862Please respect copyright.PENANANQQwcjGDwm
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc862Please respect copyright.PENANAt43IlkAQgH
862Please respect copyright.PENANAIOVegwBMjy
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。862Please respect copyright.PENANAT6dDVZUtIK
862Please respect copyright.PENANAD8361Qe6n9
Link:862Please respect copyright.PENANA7hri60cc7G
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio862Please respect copyright.PENANAtn6H06x0hM
862Please respect copyright.PENANALKYVNYN0Sv
862Please respect copyright.PENANAmayqXjPJqX
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。862Please respect copyright.PENANAOgOAWX47T0
862Please respect copyright.PENANALyN0D95BBt
Ref1:https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/99/19/1441/2544230862Please respect copyright.PENANAtITQqhfHVf