日常家中的污水，會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU2FROIq33T
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcX3idmuMEY
但你有沒有想過，污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfK1qrq2z0v
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSGtErn7jvj
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR5cORM0tjx
（圖2）圖中的星星為北京市的中心，而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOqTnBJ5nnn
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjVwkMdXec0
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeadykQ4PSr
有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水，檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度（Ref1)，初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsNwHIfjAQN
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489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIKFMIxUNBZ
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJNdxY1EafY
（圖3）中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查，發現489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4bYmT6bnP4
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlRqcPLnGdY
41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXNPDaUf1HE
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP22AI0SNvE
63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備，489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3LJOvb01oG
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTKPmmsWFT
56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUhBdKVGTud
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6PXIJYsCiG
其中913個學生中，有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs1BDij7ont
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuMJJMfiKt5
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWaDr7PS9pb
流感是由病毒引起，抗生素並不會有助治療，反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性，百害而無一利。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1WNDyypEib
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHbEssg6Gox
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZLWZoRzPKI
（圖4）各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcEqkAqUbwA
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4uhLS4hngQ
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPXlRVLnQ1u
而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係，只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整，然後再除Ammonium的濃度，就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7WI47EEBiH
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAE7CTBWeib
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGVMJDDBj97
（圖5）最後計算結果為:489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiFhgvi753n
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBYgMwJCt2y
北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoSI23WEykL
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6usbq8CW6T
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvBL5fORH7E
文中作者聲稱，此數據比早前的數據低出70%，判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ48WsEwgXrL
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6BViRqNFnR
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8YtNUfj8bE
而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況，學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)，不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告，其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在，而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡORGPgkh1q5
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW0DgbqZdBM
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIQIXytI1sG
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡip04Z9p8IT
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWp9gsEx2s
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ465TJZ8eBI
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJDB9Wq1tHW
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Link:489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9p7ubCAg6W
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtZvL2vxm6i
489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGvVgSepZ1k
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDUvyMRkT1
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/489Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTQjUQHQuX6
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Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
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