在著重修身的時代上,脂肪是一個較為負面性的用詞。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAceOB67CPz3
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAHoPbRExXAJ
而在學術層面上,脂肪大致上可分為三種;1331Please respect copyright.PENANAHgZ3i2hv8Q
白色脂肪(White Fat)、米色脂肪(Beige Fat)及啡色脂肪(Brown Fat)。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAHikrYStvDW1331Please respect copyright.PENANAlv5DuBwdvv
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAopuDpsqIUN
(圖1)白色脂肪的特徵就是油脂體積非常大,佔據細胞大部份的位置。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAiyyGxkHwy7
而啡色及米色的油脂體積則較為細少,不會佔據細胞大部份位置。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAnTCzfaiuiH
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAiBKglpKuep
至所以會用顏色來形容及命名脂肪,原因是因為它們所含的鐵質數量不同,越多數量的粒線體(Mitochondria),鐵質含量便會越高,在顯微鏡的染色片上能夠呈現更深色的啡色;1331Please respect copyright.PENANAwRsIUFaDDE
基於粒線體的性質不同,白色脂肪會將食物的養份轉化成為能量而儲存,而米色及啡色脂肪則會將食物養份轉化成為熱能。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAsIUS1BpFST
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAJCY91J0AJQ
肚腩,就是由白色脂肪主要構成,任何多餘的營養均會儲存下來。而處於頸部、鎖骨位置及盤骨裡的啡色脂肪,則不會把過剩的能源儲存,一一化作成為熱能。1331Please respect copyright.PENANA9s4eTFtVbY
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAJlGFxg9Nsf
換句話說,若然我們身體的脂肪全都是啡色脂肪的話,我們所進食的過量營養一一會變作為熱能散走,不會變作成為肚腩。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAEuNufuBpmE
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAVX40pwhD33
可惜的是,啡色脂肪會隨著年紀增加而減少;我們在嬰兒的時候會有大量啡色脂肪作保溫之用,而長大後則會逐一減少。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAN0ocTWJTKs
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAjrfeudFY5g
這亦是為何年紀越大越容易擁有大肚腩的其中一個原因。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAg9ZLrhGS0p
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAU7HDzpJM5I
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAWpF0WkWc8Z
1331Please respect copyright.PENANA3iRgG4wSWt
(圖2)將肚腩變成為米色脂肪的話,自當然是減肥的絕世大計!1331Please respect copyright.PENANAy2Xj1BYLKz
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAFg40CQjOp51331Please respect copyright.PENANAeeWGjU5J8t
1331Please respect copyright.PENANA0IRul4ojyx
而將肚腩(白色脂肪)變成為米色脂肪,現實上是可行的,這過程我們稱之為Browning。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAwzuqdt0Tig
1331Please respect copyright.PENANA9KOw4d2iAA
做運動、長期暴露在寒冷氣候,均會產生出不同荷爾蒙催化Browning發生。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAz5ybjBkIUX
現時有不少科學家均積極研究Browning的確實機制,希望可以藉此來把白色脂肪轉化成為米色或啡色脂肪,藉此醫治癡肥及糖尿問題1331Please respect copyright.PENANADQEx5Zeg4y
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAtc4rSNFKT9
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAwACwIWIcma
(圖3)近日有科學家發表文章(Ref1),發表關於啡色脂肪的研究。1331Please respect copyright.PENANA4F0dkC9inW
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAtH8U03ilG51331Please respect copyright.PENANAPxIxdLp4vZ
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAlXUkwXIVvo
他們抽取健康人士頸部的脂肪細胞,並利用CRISPR基因技術把它們催化成為功能類近啡色脂肪的細胞。1331Please respect copyright.PENANApA06t5HKUW
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAejANieqOXh
他們分別把那名人士的白色脂肪及類近啡色脂肪注射到老鼠身上,作出各式各樣的實驗。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAxfOFI6yn4L
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAzYagxWhJSv
其中一個實驗就是餵食老鼠高脂餐單持續3個月,並證實注射了啡色脂肪的老鼠體重明顯較輕,以及清楚找出了箇中的分子機制。1331Please respect copyright.PENANA1EttcbpOVE
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAGq2HlCfdqm
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAkbaVSplteg
這一份研究所帶來的啟示,就是日後大有可能可以發展出抽取人類自身頸部的脂肪細胞、再把其轉化成為啡色脂肪注射回該名人士身上的減肥/治療癡肥/糖尿病的手法。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAbKvJ9kW2jI
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAWi57FUo3Xu
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAuS6LHfToRV
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAjXRtURI2ud
1331Please respect copyright.PENANApWWXRo4VuK
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。1331Please respect copyright.PENANATFxteS1kIM
1331Please respect copyright.PENANA0H1E3hgZ9w
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1331Please respect copyright.PENANA4QzBxhbWbB
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAk67F0qkxxI
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAG9kVBbCXaZ
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAijhskvhFVB
Link:1331Please respect copyright.PENANAPVBQFtoh5e
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1331Please respect copyright.PENANANdgBkvhARX
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAPTxArN6OQ0
1331Please respect copyright.PENANA76V6NDHzTL
有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1331Please respect copyright.PENANAWNlKg1V2OJ
1331Please respect copyright.PENANAm8vwwPIUpD
Ref1: https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/558/eaaz86641331Please respect copyright.PENANApbZaSSDBPa