埃及斑蚊,英文名為yellow fever mosquito,學名為Aedes aegypti,是白紋伊蚊的近親。741Please respect copyright.PENANAtWdHK69bIB
741Please respect copyright.PENANAzfVz5Z7i27
(圖1)男性品種不會叮人,只有女性品種才會叮人,藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。741Please respect copyright.PENANAKcYPwl07bq741Please respect copyright.PENANAV965FcV41d
741Please respect copyright.PENANAUOcitYC0R1
殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子,但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。741Please respect copyright.PENANAUMs7WzHHUW
741Please respect copyright.PENANAPEOnaXFaHR
而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係,建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。741Please respect copyright.PENANAQxExRtDrHg
741Please respect copyright.PENANAHXNwXqQWH0741Please respect copyright.PENANAKyVEkpSwx2
741Please respect copyright.PENANAHDKqeiROIr
(圖2)有見及此,Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。741Please respect copyright.PENANAmV2DP5TFOB
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素(Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候,研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素,但當他們被放到野外的時候,便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素,沒能順利生長成為蚊子。741Please respect copyright.PENANAsuDFeXgl0P
741Please respect copyright.PENANA0Zd3H1uOC6
男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話,將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。741Please respect copyright.PENANA352kmk9RW6
741Please respect copyright.PENANAYXCqIrVU00
在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下,正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子,而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。741Please respect copyright.PENANAAu0oB0muXG
741Please respect copyright.PENANAa0J0JOlCBn
以這個方式推算下去的話,蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。741Please respect copyright.PENANA2iP7CDBPys
741Please respect copyright.PENANAFlu75jXWgp741Please respect copyright.PENANAwEkKzqcwMa
741Please respect copyright.PENANADy6YwVAQ0S
(圖3)Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。741Please respect copyright.PENANAez6kz2foFk
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。741Please respect copyright.PENANANrgrxLpjGD
741Please respect copyright.PENANA0TNqvM7lYX
今年2020年8月,他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。741Please respect copyright.PENANAYj7W77ceJv
741Please respect copyright.PENANALCHhO4mRUB
此舉泛起不少反對聲音,不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。741Please respect copyright.PENANAISeZdVIn6O
741Please respect copyright.PENANAVBeRstDTOU
亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡,奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊,不會影響其他蚊子品種,其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替,不見得有任何大影響。741Please respect copyright.PENANAMe4p2MfjLV
741Please respect copyright.PENANAGhK7GnbfCj
至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域,這點反而有著潛在的可能性,值得探討一下。
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睇番一大輪資料後,發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法,18個月之內係有成效,之後蚊子數量回升。741Please respect copyright.PENANAKRYpjWpVU4
741Please respect copyright.PENANA1Bj3tb5rRr
今次美國所用的方法係OX5034,同舊原理差唔多,但女性BB會死,而男性BB唔會。741Please respect copyright.PENANA6DJyTy5nhW
741Please respect copyright.PENANAQ18d9wNRe8
無睇到佢哋媒體資料,只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章,所以資料有錯,對不起。
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio741Please respect copyright.PENANASaW1xWAHQN
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。741Please respect copyright.PENANAzcNQo5Pm6Y
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Ref:741Please respect copyright.PENANAnIMqFCp885
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3741Please respect copyright.PENANAMvMXau7gRD
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/741Please respect copyright.PENANAdFfwgNIrrt
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/741Please respect copyright.PENANAoTbUWwTH7q
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/
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