腸道是我們身體其中一道消化器官，其內壁表面含有名為絨毛(villi)的結構，輔助營養的吸收;500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXYoVt68Cid
而絨毛與絨毛之間，則有名為crypt的凹陷結構。500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNo3cELrNHI
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoe5vcfKqPd
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXr1EFFDPvu
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJlteg9DmZW
(圖2)凹陷的crypt結構大多由幹細胞構成，它們會自我複製及演化，且不斷向上發展到達villi結構，形成可負責幫忙吸取營養的細胞。500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPAloSWb09W
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡat3xibpltE
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi2Om6eNtcE
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoW6I46uJTg
(圖3)若位於crypt的幹細胞出現相應的基因突變(KrasG12D /PIK3CAH1047R )，它們會釋放出界別為BMP activator及WNT inactivator的物質，而當鄰近的正常細胞吸取這些物質後，出現基因突變的機率亦會提升。500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiDizEE21ql
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIoAIHPWDBe
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj3qSu7eDu6
換句話說，只要一顆位於crypt的幹細胞出現突變的話，便會出現火燒連環船一樣的效果，一傳十十傳百的透導各鄰近的細胞出現異變，成為癌細胞的一份子。500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYhUeVrRYQD
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoPOMOhAfa0
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEVW9fM1xUb
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoMgAfDrI1h
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1WBKw03mWR
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQFIPGChLeA
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJe0lLuwWQp
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIQ510PhSro
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRl3dfa4zjO
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjs604bhbiy
Link:500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3nv378eirg
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgt8FqRpNMD
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJqWwio1bha
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhp1e923Nww
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account，否則我的IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr8ojpNnCBj
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx62qyLXyBM
Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03605-0
500Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQHhIrz36pB
