癌細胞逃避免疫細胞追殺的手段何其之多，除了較早前提及的PD1/PD1L手段之外，他們亦會用上民建聯蛇齋餅糉的手段應對免疫細胞。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu5W3kUT23p
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PD1/PD1L手段:https://lih.kg/gzGnLS418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOSW3D01GWw
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（圖2）癌細胞(尤其是腦癌)會表達大量的TDO蛋白酶，TDO蛋白酶會將從外來吸取的氨基酸Tryptophan代謝成為Kynureine;418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqr49k1hzN7
整個代謝過程是在癌細胞的內部發生。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9rJgS3FcUM
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（圖3）癌細胞可以自用Kynurenine來觸發AhR蛋白質，輔助自己的生長。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrS16nuQzJv
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同時間，癌細胞亦可將Kynurenine排出四周，而當周遭的免疫細胞吸取Kynurenine後，他們殲滅癌細胞的能力便會下降。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡknLlPGyvaa
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亦即是說，當免疫細胞獲取癌細胞所提供的蛇齋餅糉（Kynurenine）後，隨之便會被成功收買，不再侵襲癌細胞。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCz8SVghuZ1
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（圖4）除Kynurenine外，二噁英亦能觸發AhR蛋白質，為癌細胞締造一道美好的生存環境。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBQ9aXfTGNM
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現今有不少癌症藥物正試圖阻隔AhR蛋白質的觸發來消滅癌症，但亦有證據指出過度阻隔AhR蛋白質有機會反而助長癌細胞的生長，以及引發不良的過敏炎症。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwIkGyD65EW
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除研發阻隔AhR蛋白質藥物外，亦有一道方向是研發藥物減低周遭的Kynurenine濃度，減低癌細胞弱化周遭免疫細胞的能力。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmd5mEda9hu
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若然成功，或許能配合現有的免疫治療PD1方法加強效果，消滅癌症。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmxH9eMMZ8p
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjRP6q737Xs
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeqnWxvTYSU
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBfMOiarjrM
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Link:418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxEQ6fXhDWE
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO9uhi4XWwl
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基於WhatsApp/Facebook等問題，IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtBzj8OHVIi
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10491418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzc6oCQvqeu
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165614717302249418Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4pFTtfEC0B
