近兩日看到了下面一則新聞，因而生起念頭寫上本篇文章，介紹一下人工降雨的概念。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNEgI5Gugfn
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡosfLDkSr4j
「中國福建省寧德市因日前缺雨，官方宣布8日至9日將進行「人工降雨」，不料，8日下午市區突降暴雨、嚴重淹水，不但汽車直接泡水中，還一度緊急撤離居民，民眾懷疑應是「人工降雨」劑量錯誤釀禍，感嘆「寧德大概是第一個因為人工降雨把自己淹掉的城市吧！」，對此，官方未多做說明。」1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvF8xaHo9TI
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7GttBrgVgN
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡojSgPDzU8x
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKvrkPTa6jY
（圖2）要了解人工降雨的原理，我們自當然要快速了解一下雲到底是如何形成，以及甚麼條件會觸發下雨事件發生。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6f5ZYwGNZH
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvXDPvZyBoP
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡatRvaorfzW
太陽為大地帶來溫暖，亦同時把海洋的水份蒸發成氣體上天。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡat6cltecY6
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHKPusLixu
高度越高，溫度便會越低，水蒸氣亦會變成為水珠。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUGkRFHHH1r
而當水珠遇上各種微粒（如圖中所示）後，便能在其上凝結。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvKEEw0Ix26
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtuP41Dm06M
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjYkfn83IOc
（圖3）凝結在微粒的水珠最終會變成為結晶狀。當這些結晶集合一起後，便會形成雲。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfnfGqjgDWq
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU20SYWBmXa
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI8AtoSrEMU
隨著時間推進，大地的水蒸氣不斷湧上天空，源源不絕的水珠不斷在結晶上繼續凝結，導致結晶體積越來越大。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU9SmN2SwWv
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUm8BnVsiPe
當結晶體積大到某一個程度的時候，便會因著地心吸力的緣故降落到地上，亦即是雨。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJOpCtugavL
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8h1Z3Ym6ij
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVVXBiQHry0
（圖4）其中一種人工降雨的方式，亦是中國在北京奧運及西藏地區常用的手段，就是利用地上燃燒或者飛機、無人機以及火箭的方式把化學物（silver iodide,AgI）注入到雲中裡頭。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDhNI2Hn0sM
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAqTpPlNaXz
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ9H4AxvqLG
AgI的角色就是促進水珠結晶的形成，提供一個優越的表面讓雨裡的水珠凝結，加速結晶體積增加的速度，最終誘使雨水降到地上。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQSEuZDZ5w0
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPxJRYdXo7C
這種人工的方式至少有兩種限制，一就是雲隻的存在，若果天上沒有雲的話，你送多少AgI上天也是徒勞無功的。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ8BEsZYITr
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2BbPRZkVhC
二就是雲隻的溫度，雲的溫度隨著高度亦會有所不同，只有低過攝氏零度的雲隻AgI才會發揮顯著功效(Ref1,2)。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1TnGou4gZq
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfM0Rih6IYP
因此，這種人工降雨的方式必需配合各種的天氣感測或量度系統輔助，才能找出適當的時機製造人工降雨。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡldiYYMl0MY
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbkv7RuBnJX
另一方面，這種人工降雨的方式無疑是先洗未來錢，中國在2018年的西藏地區至少興建了500個焚化爐（Ref3)，意圖大幅增加西藏地區的降雨量。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1sBdoupe8d
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡROh5jb8wSp
這種手段間接促使到鄰近地區無法獲取充足雨水，這責任又應該是由誰來負責呢？而且，瘋狂運送科學物到天空，受害的最終會是誰?1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJhur5Gb4D7
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDVdqSIDOVG
那些「不應存在天上」的化學物，又是否會導致酸雨發生呢？1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmj3hDEyIQY
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5rIfedGpmS
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9QE30jYt08
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Bu5Sy6Uzv
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ70aRXhQVTQ
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkBwYwRbXwK
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0swWIu0hww
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmLIBeAN0pT
Link:1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvwuN0xCEfR
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT47SN0BGV5
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTXpmbNHycy
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSs5lGuvH8R
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzKF9NDLx7U
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYnYmNB5yCh
1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTKjf1nHj2V
Ref1:http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.17169951151248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKYutzWuCoZ
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092188311000169X1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVCuqTVi84P
Ref3:https://singularityhub.com/2018/04/24/china-plans-to-bring-artificial-rain-to-area-three-times-the-size-of-spain/1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJrQvn8XiXK
Penana
search
Loginarrow_drop_down
Registerarrow_drop_down
