x
喺講啲黑鬼點畀利奧波德二世斬手斬腳前88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZUERS4ozDk
首先要講講佢地一路係過緊點嘅生活88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGqzySQTIHh
其實佢地唔係一般人想像中咁原始㗎88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlP8IBHBWfc
喺剛果河下游至河口一帶88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzWmQJt4nhT
因為河道較闊88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcUb5wu5uFH
葡萄牙人都入到去探索88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbWTTjgJrMw
當地嘅土人接觸得多西方文明88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ66WzqJhIpH
生活水平同知識相對於內陸係高啲嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm3ValO8Gx4
佢地會種啲粟米呀豆呀做主糧88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl23LaaIPsW
(係葡萄牙十六十七世紀時引入嘅)88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡynxslnOG3E
基本上已經唔係原始嘅漁獵社會88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTsO6IM6koL
佢地亦都會同內陸嘅部落88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWJFZFCSusb
以物易物咁換啲象牙同橡膠出嚟賣畀葡萄牙人88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6kt4xB7m9O
攞到錢就買啲西方產物88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDoeuWnpoBX
當年史丹利喺河口係簽唔到協議乜濟88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5itEel3dpY
就係因為嗰度嘅人水平較高唔中計88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMNw374nTt
所以剛果河下游自由邦係佔得好少地
(河嘅北岸已經係法屬剛果，南邊就係葡屬安哥拉)
至於中游嘅部落就相對原始好多喇88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtrwuiwxqa1
因為剛果河中段係由一系列嘅急流同瀑布組成88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlj5UDulPkE
船係行唔到入去嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaPEpMumtlk
交通非常唔方便88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx8ZpH8utEF
各個部落亦都分得好散88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ996OTrw6qO
好多部落第一個見到嘅白人就係史丹利88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE7v1oW5jmS
所以先畀佢有機可乘88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuSPwsVf1rS
而呢啲部落主要都係捉吓魚呀，食吓猩猩呀咁維生88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy302qFqiRA
一般人眼中嘅非洲原始人就係呢啲喇
位於剛果河中游嘅博約馬瀑布88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxBduVYhbln
舊稱史丹利瀑布88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMBJ1XtJBS4
故名思義就係阿史生首先發現㗎啦
上游近大湖區嘅部落多數都係畀阿拉伯人控制嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0h7PmUDX1y
不過啲阿拉伯人又唔係真係咁殘暴嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs8LG88rHSD
因為佢地主要係捉啲人攞去賣吓88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIkjcDAN6V5
同要脅吓啲村民幫佢地搵象牙嘅啫88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg5qNKuvzcS
佢地要長做長有所以唔會搞到啲村民太慘88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsPAvvKRBUc
始終啲人身體唔好又點賣到好價錢呢?88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd9TNNv2f3h
大屠殺對佢地嘅生意冇好處88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3AJEBKZ5Cc
而啲村民多數都係捉魚為生88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf66rkxy72o
(嗰系列嘅大湖係全非洲水產最豐富嘅地區)88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ02KlymFEKT
而南邊嘅熱帶草原地帶就係最富庶嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMFe62EVpAb
嗰度嘅部落有種嘢嘅又有放牧嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyGMMLYXDbi
但係最賺錢嘅係採礦88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSL4EHcXWR6
剛果南部加丹加地區喺正非洲中部嘅大礦帶88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡynYRhIc9uD
喺嗰度嘅部族領袖多數都係靠賣銅畀歐洲人致富88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ870YgdBlQD
生番土王帝Msiri就係其中最強大嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlHnXgPK7Gu
剛果地形大概係由東部高地一路斜向西邊88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRcz6tLXZlw
北面係雨林南邊就草原88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8LKuoBD0X8
咁大個國家得西邊一個出海口仔88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLX0LwGOORo
(佢海岸線得卅七公里,香港嗰條都有七百幾公里啦)
如果利奧波德二世可以慢慢發展88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY0AdxfRzYw
根據唔同地方嘅情況去計劃開發嘅方向嘅話88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMt7wo0TbVA
一塊資源咁豐富嘅地方係可以有好大嘅潛力88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9cxpYfGi5U
由農業採礦開始88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXPiac1HNNN
再慢慢發展工業88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0rtVpaHMUT
有人力又有資源其實係最理想嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVndXKG8se5
不過佢冇時間咁做88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrgRpI1jeq7
而家呢一刻嘅利奧波德二世88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ksjNfJpe0
可以話係揹到成身街數88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTLcpwKVked
佢唔不惜一切咁搵錢填氹嘅話88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEhdR2JoVPP
唔好話發展呀88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡenfU98hlOd
連佢自己都會搞到債主臨門一身蟻88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgEhQNbRUhX
咁點先可以最快速咁喺殖民地攞到錢呢?88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvRJzGgqcg9
剛果唔似南美印加帝國咁有咁多金畀西班牙佬去搶88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4jC2BK92MD
要喺度攞錢最快嘅方法就係變賣資源88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡguGho4ZUjy
剛果最值錢嘅就係南部嘅礦產同雨林入面嘅象牙同橡膠88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeexu1Qb1Me
喺自由邦成立前啲土人係隨意去攞嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ46nsCfLocd
再經自由貿易賣畀歐洲人88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGE7oqWdkRh
利奧波德二世如果要變賣資源賺錢88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1sLex5bdy6
佢首先要壟斷呢啲資源嘅擁有權88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3zMEb51Bg4
但係本身喺自由邦入面做緊生意嘅歐洲商人一定會屌鬼88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxG8beuBHnW
佢要用啲冇咁顯眼嘅方法去做
喺1889年佢頒布咗一個政令88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtZALnJk5x0
將剛果自由邦裡面冇人居住嘅土地劃為邦政府所有88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNpbAdUQxTY
因為成個剛果大部分都係冇人嘅雨林88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtSoECnZfJS
咁即係差唔多八九成嘅土地都變咗係政府嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjXWvwXRykW
跟住喺1892年佢宣布所有喺政府土地收集到嘅嘢88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv11eDdMjIU
都只可以賣畀政府或者指定嘅公司88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOLuHn7yi0Y
各國企業家都可以競投十到十五年嘅專營權88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD9qdx4SpB8
(當然到最後都係畀利奧波德二世有關嘅租界公司攞到啦)88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt34AQxwxA2
透過呢啲條例同方法88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHJiYjunGDl
利奧波德二世就可以係冇明顯違反柏林協議88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmR82v6op9D
有關各國自由貿易嘅條款下88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr21VKKEx5P
壟斷全個剛果自由邦嘅資源88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKlskJDmopU
咁邦政府同租界公司88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Z3WVDAOk9
就可以用佢地控制嘅價格88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDSg3vLKv1m
去買入啲黑鬼收集到嘅資源喇
個價同係自由市場嘅分別好大88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCqjUHFN4Th
之前啲黑鬼賣橡膠畀葡萄牙人88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF8o2Rclhij
一公斤可以賣到3-4法郎88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLSoaS6qok3
而家租界公司最多只會出7毫子
另外佢又用啱啱打贏咗阿拉伯人所攞到嘅聲望88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwBevB5OOBi
說服各國畀佢向自由邦嘅人收稅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡROjXAUH4OU
用嚟平衡返打仗嘅支出同起鐵路嘅支出88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ07PHULoxXc
(喺1892年自由邦政府開始起一條鐵路88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5s4pZVorne
繞過剛果河中游嘅瀑布區88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdMmhIzwOee
全長三百幾公里)88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWpZlPmK8Os
啲稅收係以橡膠或者象牙嚟繳付88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqT7KgvvCf7
好似人頭稅咁88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkmSKfgplMY
每個成年男人都有一個配額88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUfL1WsyxGO
由租界公司收取88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzAZwnR3R38
FP做稅吏追稅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡobiiyHCwU0
...似曾相識88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoqFpzOPUyU
一切都好似返返去中世紀封建時代咁88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1kNnboslFO
無助嘅農奴畀殘暴嘅稅吏追稅⋯⋯88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9SlXp6PYEl
剛果人嘅悲劇而家可以開始喇
利奧波德二世實際上係將成個剛果自由邦88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJhXCd0WlVY
分成九座巨大嘅勞動集中營88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwhxNwRVW6q
而喺呢九個租界裡面88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqupQJnj33E
每一條村都有由租界公司設立嘅哨站88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ZiFrmCWWe
哨站嘅主管全部都係歐洲嚟嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Zrm2mCR68
以惡名昭彰嘅A.B.I.R.為例88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ512fCZIIDo
(Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company，88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcyPDrVXWeY
利奧波德二世以代理人嘅方式88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz0N9Qqq55i
同英國一個陸軍上校合資喺1892年成立嘅)88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFiQ7PHusb5
佢會以三年合約88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2RWw8zNujc
每年千八到二千法郎咁請啲人過去做嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWpiP9gsKT8
呢個人工其實唔係咁高88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGm1xrM6sT7
大概相等於同時期歐洲一個普通工人嘅年薪88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpZ5LhRre7L
嗰度又山旮旯又多蛇蟲鼠蟻仲有食人族88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxqFFJB9S55
正常嚟講應該係睬佢都有味88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhjNQFYpQ9v
不過如果啲主管跑過咗target話就唔同咁講喇88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡibsrjzsz2R
(通常個target係佢管轄區內88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZuPrnciqCO
每個成年男丁每個月提供8到10公斤乾橡膠)88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMa4oAAQmrT
因為橡膠總值嘅2%88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWSAi4JTuMt
會作為佣金派發畀主管嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW5kINg6c3f
個佣可以去到萬七法朗一年88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡphAJHtATXB
加埋佢份底薪嘅話有成萬九法郎88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDnYjPapoZL
相等於而家63萬港紙左右88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ12Gc77OnbJ
呢個人工對當時嘅歐洲人嚟講係非常吸引88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnLIVA5PSGN
(去Working Holiday三年88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXMlNctX5UK
之後返番鄉下就可以生活無憂䟴䟴腳，爽 )88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpJm0bOvFRR
但係如果唔到target嘅話88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFC4Jm8VGU0
就要喺份糧到嘔番個差額出嚟88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68KafuJ78y
所以喺呢個跑數制度之下88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwnAlpsImIb
啲主管係會毫無人性咁捽數88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSqQWPYU0yM
務求喺三年內賺夠走人88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxbOcS73mwW
而幫佢地去實行捽數計劃嘅就係FP88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmHA5RtWSUm
最初FP係利奧波德二世喺比利時請過嚟嘅士官做管理88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrkzq2Fk5DB
再加上由桑吉巴請番嚟嘅僱傭兵所組成嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyaKoBWG34g
後來FP喺剛果-阿拉伯戰爭爆發期間迅速膨脹88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjg3AwXhenm
因為唔夠人佢開始強行徵召戰區內嘅黑鬼入伍88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4tGQuDpKyN
到戰爭完結時88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqp5R5dfACS
FP嘅主力差唔多全部都係剛果人88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvVJVJgHUUp
但係點解啲黑鬼會咁樣殘害自己同胞嘅?
其實所謂嘅“剛果人”88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmtqITearzC
喺自由邦成立前根本係唔存在嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk5okKa1svV
剛果盆地本身有二百幾個部族88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Pu3xdB9A6
喺歐洲人未嚟到之前88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hMPBnmB6b
佢地已經為咗爭奪資源而打生打死88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4xpTFurrKW
呢啲鬥爭係唔會因為柏林會議強加上去嘅國界而平息88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvFX8NVKtMv
佢地從來都唔係一個統一嘅民族88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuCyKgW8IrG
所以都講唔上係自相殘殺88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNGboHmzs8P
另外FP主要係徵召剛果東北部88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBDUGWt0P2I
以剽悍見稱嘅食人部落88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5wvFrCRvn
佢地不嬲都以侵略其他部落為生88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIN6vOmTx8C
而家邦政府出埋糧畀埋槍88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLPxfC5PlLK
佢地開心都嚟唔切啦88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMLPJuHBwFG
加上如果佢地負責嘅嗰條村唔到target嘅話88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwQcQuoNyaL
佢地除咗會被扣一半糧之外88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpfedAO7xn4
仲要畀人虐打甚至收監88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9VTPUDsLs1
(監獄平均每日死三到十個人左右88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIE0XA6Mgqf
所以入得去坐都唔使旨意有命出番嚟)88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXSLWRP2b3s
正所謂人不為己天誅地滅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJY2MnN7Bip
畀著係你會點揀?
呢條叫Chicotte，葡文解做鞭88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wurQgi8rw
呢啲犀牛皮做嘅鞭通常係攞嚟教訓啲搵唔夠橡膠嘅人88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDkFYRlbVhM
一個成年男人大概可以受卅鞭左右啦88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBykE6Wnawa
再多就升仙㗎喇
呢個男人望住嘅係佢個五歲嘅女嘅手同腳88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUqyVxXOb8t
至於其他部分同阿媽呢88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡARnFWmnB8R
就畀FP嘅僱傭兵食咗88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtq6k5zlwRe
呢幅相揭露咗二十世紀初一場最大嘅人道醜聞
同啲阿拉伯奴隸主一樣88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhD7llDFvpY
FP最常用嘅招數88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo3chWtbhUj
都係綁架啲男丁嘅老婆仔女屋企人88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5P5jCxhpg
去逼佢地採集橡膠88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgrUKJXOt0M
面對咁嘅壓迫88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIVJ3zVcS1M
啲村民當然不滿啦88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4AQICTrnyv
尤其係喺自由邦西部近河口嘅部落88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ746h9tsHKS
呢啲稅項同壟斷令到佢地做開嘅生意完全停止88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6fRdCocKl5
佢地有啲選擇咗反抗88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuhX0XUbDHZ
不過因為實力差距太大88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmhLJH2NE9V
好多時呢啲叛亂都係滅族收場嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ip4lBySbo
所以大部分自由邦西部嘅部落88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6mlQsgFjXZ
都選擇向南面嘅葡屬安哥拉同北面嘅法屬剛果遷徙88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8vwuMo3C1B
以致當英國係1903年派人嚟調查自由邦內嘅情況時88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3mX50ffaAz
個調查員形容剛果河口地區嘅情況係88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVO2EflSMj0
「自由邦境內人影都冇，但河嘅兩岸就人煙稠密」88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbjejaUAojG
不過呢到冇乜橡膠資源88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvsoIVY61s5
所以邦政府對啲人出走都唔係好緊張88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡubmh2VYvVY
至於內陸地區嘅部落就冇咁好彩走到喇88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS2t1tTAAjN
邦政府同租界公司對每條村都有嚴密嘅監控88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDDqTtzj3sn
主要對外通道全部都有人把守88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZ4omRwnZb
想逃避唯一辦法就係匿埋喺叢林度88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnn7eXSDJ8n
然後等死(其實都有唔少人咁做...)88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTFKSRitWqF
88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAnt8CREJO3
而喺啲據點主管瘋狂捽數下88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7wKx0MLPgK
啲村民差唔多所有時間88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK2wTIoxSdI
都係用晒嚟做收集橡膠有關嘅工作88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡodNUlbyziQ
而近乎完全冇回報88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRWjWnlygxI
一般一個成年男丁需要採集廿幾日88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWgPsGwx1ow
先夠交嗰個月嘅橡膠稅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjms581gYHs
有剩嘅先可以以賤價賣畀租界公司88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWr06uRCyOj
去換食物畀屋企人88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB3uYohqe2r
同時佢地亦都冇時間去打獵種田88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPC043XjkwH
一切正常嘅經濟民生活動被迫停止88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqtFQJfvR0I
所以飢荒係非常普遍88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ovirubvnw
但係相對於交唔足稅嘅懲罰88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd6SAejRcuA
可以一家人一齊捱餓88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1MgJ9z1LtS
對佢地嚟講已經係最好嘅情況嚟㗎喇88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp4Njhnwouf
因為非洲橡膠嘅特點88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡILvQ5gTQIF
令採集嘅效率愈嚟愈低88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJwxa23Bju3
要到數係件非常困難嘅事
啲橡膠乳液平均一半係水份，個稅係計曬乾咗嘅重量，所以冇得加水出術
喺呢度要講少少關於橡膠嘅嘢先88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkOt24rAako
自從1893年發明咗充氣車胎之後88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXyK2yqhVkz
橡膠嘅需求直線上升88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNKyc2TnM7W
但係供應個速度一時之間追唔上88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPMZ54DoJJo
供不應求下個價由1894年六個幾一公斤88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt1ufmpRX9Y
飆升到1898年嘅10法郎88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGkPN6PARSj
租界公司當然就會不斷咁提高橡膠稅額啦88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNcOCqFU9fa
但係非洲橡膠乳液嘅採集方法88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9IdQu8f3UE
係冇可能滿足到不停增長嘅需求88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiFbrWFu5sz
88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlHdu3u9FNC
橡膠主要分兩種:橡膠樹同橡膠攀藤88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMHF9nMiUU9
原產地係南美巴西嘅橡膠樹88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu3meDdWv2R
只需要割開主要軀幹嘅樹皮88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa6MvSz473K
因為地心吸力88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBg84946aaK
啲乳液就會自然流出嚟88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoz7nGob57W
啲工人割完擺低個桶裝住佢88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGp62GCkHq4
第二日去收番啲桶就搞掂88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5nUxH0Vtam
基本上好似開水喉咁長開長有88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIyxiDmNy9L
不過呢一種樹非洲係冇嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLlIFjWiU22
現時主流嘅收集乳液方法
巴西政府極力維護呢種橡膠樹嘅壟斷88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Jix1G4Ali
但係喺1876年88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZDM5BIlYYM
呢個英國佬偷咗七萬幾粒種子畀英國政府88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJzNjqcVa25
跟住攞去馬來亞半島度種88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡquW0LxH799
所以而家天然橡膠最主要嘅產區係馬來西亞而唔係巴西
而剛果盆地嘅橡膠88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8RQRHu3Mol
主要來自一種攀藤88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnnzy8akYDd
喺雨林呢類攀藤會一路沿住啲大樹幹生上去88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBYtmcgmyZx
通常會生到三十米以上88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBqw974r3Z6
即係大概十幾層樓高88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ40ylKvPDkv
另外佢會喺樹與樹之間縱橫交錯88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx9IPQ8DSZC
從而冇明顯嘅軀幹88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPBz4DR68kL
如果用南美橡膠樹嗰種方法去收集乳液嘅話88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfLwfWia1S5
因為冇主要軀幹88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKv1SvIVlp9
啲乳液唔夠集中88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmVDfyIIxv1
喺啲支幹度收集嘅話個份量會太少88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAZbmHJGqNQ
收集速度太慢根本唔可行較為有效率嘅方法88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJKp0AUUwwI
就係爬上樹頂88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIDJexN6il2
成棵逐忽逐忽斬落嚟88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ0lZftduMl
然後再逐少逐少咁壓榨啲樹皮88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTbfs9jy0vj
咁樣做除咗好易變空中飛人外88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN6tbTbO8BH
仲非常晒時間88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq1CVNKDJNu
一日最多榨到兩至三棵88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvmlBP7SmE4
一棵榨乾榨淨可能得半桶乳液88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXCcjOqUpmD
經烘乾後仲要再少一半重量88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgXIn9IEnn6
88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡisL4lcKYe3
最大鑊係咁樣搞一搞棵嘢就會玩完88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlaw1MRm1Tj
即係雨林入面嘅橡膠源買少見少88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwoG0epnmQy
當村附近嘅橡膠源枯竭晒後88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFYW6R88mfe
啲村民就要愈嚟愈深入雨林入面88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCuw81F9MPf
去搵愈嚟愈稀缺嘅橡膠攀藤88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ17Hp3RNo8f
一來一回嘅運輸時間長咗88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTGiWmMx0BT
令效率進一步降低88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewxsRXgCVC
以致到咗1890年代中期88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4jZYvKTmSZ
一個成年男丁88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrvTkyyVI0S
已經冇可能完成佢嘅配額喇
等佢滴完一桶你啲屋企人好可能命仔都冇埋喇喎88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk8Gc5lvSEP
你會點揀?
當然啲黑鬼有困難就係佢地嘅問題嚟啫88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Iz4xreB5s
喺啲主管眼中最擔心嘅係佢自己到唔到數88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdqENtVeIY2
除咗逼啲黑鬼冇飯開都要搵橡膠之外88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMgI0N31E9G
佢地仲會不斷派人探索叢林深處88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxve5y70ula
搵啲未被發現嘅原始部落再設立據點88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ7X7VU9s5y
透過呢啲破壞性嘅開採方法88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg296hLwWqD
加上不斷發掘新嘅剝削對象88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjY5kfLG4tv
令一眾租界公司業務蒸蒸日上88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBI4tvftV4G
以A.B.I.R.為例88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucmdAX4pFi
1892-94兩年總共先賺咗13萬法郎88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXyVc75APRz
到1900年一年已經賺差唔多250萬喇88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1cxAG6f6QM
換番做而家嘅港紙大概係8200萬左右88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLWoaMzIlQ
呢個仲只係一間公司一年嘅利潤咋喎88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7iTH2V1XJ1
成個自由邦總共有九間租界公司88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtWF3j5P6TK
可想而知嗰個時期成個剛果為利奧波德二世賺咗幾多錢88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgVDNERBSfq
88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡix8ovHiiE9
喺呢段時間利奧波德二世利用呢啲錢去還債88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw3pRUl8M5X
同回購租界公司嘅股份88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2SNt156TKW
令剛果自由邦逐漸成為佢真正嘅私人財產88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6bMrpUZke9
與此同時佢喺比利時大肆建造極其華美嘅建築88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM2jXX5BYdm
又大力扶持國家嘅工業同轉口生意88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTA5oa4zeNs
比利時因此國泰民安88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39fH78Mw9l
一躍成西歐其中一個最工業化，最富裕嘅國家88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ti7jVvBdN
至於地球另一邊嗰個黑暗角落發生嘅事88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxvExpz8geC
當時嘅人係唔知亦都唔會理嘅88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9oMAq6KXqk
佢地只係知道仁慈嘅國王為佢地帶嚟幸福88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkkGSAPzmlZ
不過呢種發展模式差唔多去到盡頭喇
88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBrFDkcc4Fo
88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3xbA9RPBPu
88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdYHLQlmHvs
...待續
88Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZkHRi5wu2q
