
今集講講呢隻來自南美、名叫奎寧嘅蝴蝶91Please respect copyright.PENANAzLPMDrCiL5
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴91Please respect copyright.PENANAZEghH7dgDh
當初歐洲佬唔係笨撚柒91Please respect copyright.PENANAAZorleDhdk
佢地當然知道直接殖民非洲91Please respect copyright.PENANA4TgsU9l1sG
係可以減省好多運輸奴隸嘅開支啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAf9ghGMCAPE
事實上佢地一早就佔領晒非洲外圍嘅群島91Please respect copyright.PENANAY7vicdqQYR
並喺嗰度利用黑奴建立起一個個嘅種植園91Please respect copyright.PENANApnEdjwXmUt
規模仲相當之大91Please respect copyright.PENANA53jUQtcoAl
好似葡萄牙喺畿內亞灣嘅聖多美普林西比91Please respect copyright.PENANAfZiIaDGkGr
喺16世紀就曾經係世上最大嘅產糖地91Please respect copyright.PENANAEe7s2fW4so
(以重量計喺嗰時蔗糖同黃金係等值)91Please respect copyright.PENANAAj9a0SVE4Y
聖多美普林西比(São Tomé and Príncipe)
不過同呢啲渺無人煙嘅外島相比91Please respect copyright.PENANApxEWKv7OyQ
非洲內陸就完全係另一回事喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAKETVybXdfZ
對白人嚟講91Please respect copyright.PENANAp0SlQqXOf1
撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅叢林地帶91Please respect copyright.PENANA9FeZov8N9c
自古以來就係九死一生嘅毒龍潭91Please respect copyright.PENANADXIqEK2lyB呢片被稱為“黑非洲”嘅雨林91Please respect copyright.PENANA68RxjG0jAT
古時就已經被認為係不可逾越嘅蠻荒之地91Please respect copyright.PENANAEc0q1b18qz
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德就曾經記載91Please respect copyright.PENANAS5EFcA5FbJ
喺公元前530年91Please respect copyright.PENANAtqvdhV3KrL
當時地上最強、啱啱征服咗埃及嘅波斯王岡比西斯二世91Please respect copyright.PENANALatmGKTQOP
佢派去探索呢個世界盡頭嘅遠征軍91Please respect copyright.PENANAsxqK00qqSu
仗都未打就喺征途死咗一半人被迫折返91Please respect copyright.PENANAqT31rckEeh
另外古羅馬曾經4次派遠征軍橫越撒哈拉91Please respect copyright.PENANA9g1aTbnnTc
最後都係冇辦法穿越呢片浩瀚無垠嘅密林91Please respect copyright.PENANAhaox9hSljU
派入去偵察嘅斥候全部都有去冇回91Please respect copyright.PENANArWBxZ3oraw
原因就係以瘧疾為首嘅各種熱帶疾病91Please respect copyright.PENANAThaSBfLJ4R
希羅多德喺佢本《歷史》所描述嘅世界91Please respect copyright.PENANAoRjQGjjy1a
要留意撒哈拉沙漠以南嗰個(Æthiopes)唔係而家嗰個埃塞俄比亞91Please respect copyright.PENANAX9qfptPOhy
呢個字古希臘文解“燒燶咗塊面”91Please respect copyright.PENANArKGBhTJoNI
係指撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅非洲91Please respect copyright.PENANAtgyOKVcmIb
古希臘啲仆街仔諗嘢都真係幾撚地獄91Please respect copyright.PENANARZUvVyoMsC羅馬嗰4次遠征路線圖91Please respect copyright.PENANAo5xCA1GjCt
雖然最後都係探索唔到非洲內陸嘅情況91Please respect copyright.PENANA43JM8Kq1K1
不過呢幾次都為日後橫撒哈拉貿易奠定基礎91Please respect copyright.PENANAGF50119gi9
成就出之後風光一時嘅土著貿易王國91Please respect copyright.PENANAgs9BUxdTeo一度興盛嘅橫撒哈拉貿易王國91Please respect copyright.PENANA3vINmwCN33
其中以Mansa Musa呢位一路去麥加朝聖91Please respect copyright.PENANAAh22j5IdcX
一路派金粒91Please respect copyright.PENANAnEQXtvO3jb
派到引發沿途地區嚴重通貨膨脹嘅馬里國王最為著名91Please respect copyright.PENANAbvxEJ4bL2B
不過呢啲財雄勢大嘅駱駝商旅91Please respect copyright.PENANAgk9BTbJxKT
最後都係畀大航海時代帶嚟嘅海洋貿易所取代
呢啲病對歐洲人嚟講係魔咒91Please respect copyright.PENANAfRigm1NigJ
但係對世居於呢片密林嘅黑鬼嚟講呢91Please respect copyright.PENANAWlfMbPkIzJ
就係護身符喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAtMTY21zYNT
(有興趣嘅小朋友可以搵吓地中海貧血症、蠶豆症同瘧疾嘅關係)91Please respect copyright.PENANAIiYSQ3erxL
正因為咁91Please respect copyright.PENANAV09pB9mIYY
歐洲人對非洲內陸91Please respect copyright.PENANAmt5Zv6mycn
尤其係中非剛果盆地91Please respect copyright.PENANAU3wF6rzNfT
係一無所知91Please respect copyright.PENANAdFGFs500P1
一路以嚟所有嘗試深入剛果河流域嘅探險91Please respect copyright.PENANAVoygHLvrFX
都係以災難收場91Please respect copyright.PENANAfC7JwOhltY
好似喺1542年91Please respect copyright.PENANAM2T8axHzBk
第一個發現剛果河口嘅歐洲人91Please respect copyright.PENANAl7fUyWYleY
葡萄牙航海家Diogo Cão91Please respect copyright.PENANAeBoGzMeRlr
就係喺試圖探索內陸時病死喺河邊91Please respect copyright.PENANAMzf7eFiDJt
對嗰時嘅歐洲人嚟講91Please respect copyright.PENANAb81K28DDzk
佔領非洲本土代價實在太大91Please respect copyright.PENANAtyt3yrEwni
與其嘥人力物力喺非洲內陸建立殖民地91Please respect copyright.PENANApOPJo02nOq
不如同啲土著王國做貿易好過91Please respect copyright.PENANAWuqrqkYevD
以葡萄牙為例91Please respect copyright.PENANAL7WloX6wI2
喺見識過剛果雨林嘅殘酷同當地巴剛果王國嘅強大後91Please respect copyright.PENANABs0miKT4in
葡萄牙就決定喺剛果河口南岸較為乾燥嘅草原91Please respect copyright.PENANAMczmmIa0fT
建立貿易站91Please respect copyright.PENANA14y21Ng6Zd
以教育、宗教同鎗炮91Please respect copyright.PENANARqDlbKExqF
嚟同呢個土著王國換取戰俘作奴隸喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAiSz9eHDzy5
剛果河南岸嘅葡屬安哥拉
剛果國王阿方索一世喺1517年6月8號寫畀葡萄牙國王曼紐一世嘅信91Please respect copyright.PENANA6XuVwvgINw
向佢呢位主內弟兄請求提供教會禮儀器具91Please respect copyright.PENANAZ8UKicn2EV
(以面積計剛果王國係當時世上最大嘅大公教國家)
去到近代91Please respect copyright.PENANAkvDOnIEg7p
就算係船堅炮利嘅英國佬91Please respect copyright.PENANAuK1E8THxPK
情況都唔好得幾多91Please respect copyright.PENANABpf9iftb7J
好似喺1816年有個叫James Tuckey嘅英國海軍上校91Please respect copyright.PENANAVqfs0mwulp
組織咗隊探險隊尋找剛果河源頭91Please respect copyright.PENANAWzRc6uujhu
結果由河口上溯唔夠100公里91Please respect copyright.PENANAda5uYy8WQ4
54個隊員入面就病死咗21個91Please respect copyright.PENANAHtghXdy6GW
包括佢自己91Please respect copyright.PENANAflje1UYJ3g
所以直至19世紀中葉91Please respect copyright.PENANAAweySbFZLA
中南非洲仍然係呢個地理大發現時代入面最大嘅迷團91Please respect copyright.PENANAw0WpN7NVo4
Tuckey上校用生命所畫嘅剛果河口地型圖
1850年非洲地圖91Please respect copyright.PENANAlm1rNC05Uu
留意番中間橙黃色個“ETHIOPIA”唔係而家嗰個91Please respect copyright.PENANAW683EgDKI7
呢度借用嚟標示非洲中部呢大片未探索之地91Please respect copyright.PENANAGVdVA2TZKy
(嗰時埃塞俄比亞個英文名係Abyssinia, 由阿拉伯文翻譯過嚟)91Please respect copyright.PENANABhHxlFuntc
不過奎寧普及後情況就唔同晒喇91Please respect copyright.PENANANYQoH72oM3
歐洲人喺非洲嘅生存率得以大大提升91Please respect copyright.PENANA7B7CuF1lso
隨住人命成本降低91Please respect copyright.PENANAXPpV6Y2rwp
探索非洲雨林嘅門檻91Please respect copyright.PENANAOAityRIP4h
已經下降到可以接受嘅水平91Please respect copyright.PENANAu1ser4qtnP
喺1850年代開始91Please respect copyright.PENANAr9RyZq97Kq
歐美各國政府、地理學會以至私人企業91Please respect copyright.PENANAtbCSkcdlp7
紛紛組織探險隊91Please respect copyright.PENANAu3mZgH4LK7
務求搶先其他人一步91Please respect copyright.PENANAKv2GOrmMAz
尋找失落喺中非密林嘅嗰幾塊拼圖91Please respect copyright.PENANAfyG12MBLMx
其中最積極嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANAMRd3cTs46W
就係正處於維多利亞時期嘅英國喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAiWriFPKrN8當時所缺嗰幾塊拼圖91Please respect copyright.PENANAe4COQ4qWVG
分別係:91Please respect copyright.PENANAQ1us0SMQe3
1.尼羅河源頭91Please respect copyright.PENANAtOmKmoaixT
2.傳說中浩瀚如海嘅中非淡水湖91Please respect copyright.PENANAoL2aA8p24l
3.剛果盆地91Please respect copyright.PENANAWgFkbnzqh7
跟住落嚟嗰卅幾年91Please respect copyright.PENANADnJ57bRROw
喺一個阿拉伯奴隸主嘅協助下91Please respect copyright.PENANAwEg0XQsdSV
憑住五個英國佬、一個斯拉夫白女奴以及無數黑奴轎夫嘅努力同犧牲91Please respect copyright.PENANA6qaB0KB5QU
掩蓋中非嘅嗰片戰爭迷霧逐漸消退91Please respect copyright.PENANAkM3BVQ13Mw
《大航海時代》最終DLC《瓜分非洲》終於上線喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAhUn0O1sf3N
1880年代非洲地圖91Please respect copyright.PENANAreDHg0A3XZ
對比番1850年嗰幅地圖91Please respect copyright.PENANACF7n8vJFIG
尼羅河同剛果河流域基本上已經被探索91Please respect copyright.PENANANpv1nb7QPX
再唔係被標示為“ETHIOPIA”喇
呢卅幾年嘅中非探險歷史91Please respect copyright.PENANA4O1ARbYOwa
所牽涉嘅人同佢地之間嘅恩怨情仇91Please respect copyright.PENANAA6vSPHTEgr
的確相當引人入勝──91Please respect copyright.PENANAKPE8MHt7vL
一個借探險之名研究各地性愛風俗嘅性書大亨91Please respect copyright.PENANAHJNWDC7gLQ
一個因個人臆測而引發後世幾場大屠殺嘅軍佬91Please respect copyright.PENANAMeJMMjfIlo
一個濟世為懷但又志大才疏嘅醫生/傳教士91Please respect copyright.PENANAtEIb5y6oRj
一個為名利而不擇手段、甘願為惡龍做事嘅記者91Please respect copyright.PENANAqb5lykwSfv
一個喺巴爾幹同鄂圖曼總督爭女嘅二世祖91Please respect copyright.PENANAwnbx1zvdyX
同一個持家賢慧但又驍勇凶悍嘅白女奴91Please respect copyright.PENANAaCRf7uMxfV
仲有一個喺暗中操縱一切、憑藉探險熱潮乘勢而起但又被一切反噬嘅阿拉伯奴隸主91Please respect copyright.PENANAjLgacV8BL8
──用呢啲性格鮮明、經歷獨特嘅歷史人物寫嘅故事91Please respect copyright.PENANA5IFu9wIp1P
我諗都會相當有趣91Please respect copyright.PENANA4oSB7W7lSZ
不過礙於篇幅所限91Please respect copyright.PENANAAMFVDvXGhl
我就唔喺度一一展開喇91Please respect copyright.PENANA320pKiSnFg
(除咗講盧旺達大屠殺嗰陣會提一提嗰個性書大亨同個軍佬)91Please respect copyright.PENANA7Sl6PzegeU
可能或者有機會第日得閒開多篇嚟講吓啦吓
喺講啲列強點樣喺非洲玩到high翻天之前91Please respect copyright.PENANA2WEvhqO5r5
首先要講講佢地瓜分非洲嘅誘因91Please respect copyright.PENANA7LwCC8F77z
一切要由一場股災講起91Please respect copyright.PENANAefJj9aKo23
而家就睇吓呢日發生咗啲咩事91Please respect copyright.PENANAqY8FetY95A
搞到丁生咁好興致一家人齊齊整整上天台睇日落91Please respect copyright.PENANAzwlMAGIWkd
1873年5月9號星期五朝早91Please respect copyright.PENANApi3PGpacdJ
維也納有個叫Adolf Petschek嘅猶太佬91Please respect copyright.PENANAYvwWCrm4FW
向法院申請將佢間公司破產91Please respect copyright.PENANAlhLjZzbWxV
呢條友並唔係普通嘅阿茂阿壽91Please respect copyright.PENANAbxkpSbDDJA
佢檔嘢係當時奧匈帝國以至整個中歐最大嘅證券商91Please respect copyright.PENANAeSpEP7oi3H
一間咁有影響力嘅企業破產91Please respect copyright.PENANA6syJhpXWFp
必然會引起市場動盪91Please respect copyright.PENANA9wZsJWUDmS
於是維也納交易所決定暫時休市91Please respect copyright.PENANAdhD64KTfU2
咁就仆街喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAhKnmzFsKyR
喺嗰個資訊唔流通嘅年代91Please respect copyright.PENANAEFMo7UbdFT
停市嘅原因係冇辦法即時通知市場上所有參與者91Please respect copyright.PENANAPyEzITf6PX
一時間謠言滿天飛91Please respect copyright.PENANAtXdTRztFZa
人喺恐慌下91Please respect copyright.PENANANxaiZwnCHQ
最正路嘅做法91Please respect copyright.PENANAD2cT2hoOkr
就係一有機會就攞cash旁身91Please respect copyright.PENANAFRCtrsxmtS
所以當中午一復市時91Please respect copyright.PENANAfLnLtKnNmt
所有人都湧去交易所91Please respect copyright.PENANACv2B8BYSko
務求以最快速度賣晒啲股票套現91Please respect copyright.PENANAaSASvNfEj1
同時冇買股票又聽到消息嘅人91Please respect copyright.PENANAbWd3oizYcN
都湧去銀行提走所有現金做成擠提91Please respect copyright.PENANAscaj4bWBzg
一時間市場所有流動性枯竭91Please respect copyright.PENANAKh1kzy8ONi
結果就連本身同Adolf間公司冇乜啦㨢嘅銀行同企業91Please respect copyright.PENANAGMsKlTsstA
都因為資不抵債而債務違約91Please respect copyright.PENANAbo0CwovO0B
維也納交易所喺前一日都仲有141間銀行掛牌91Please respect copyright.PENANAUClvbA6vcv
到咗呢日下晝1點提早收市時91Please respect copyright.PENANA3bbqxCnnye
就只剩低廿間左右91Please respect copyright.PENANA5hfw7PySnf
整體市值直接斬半91Please respect copyright.PENANAzp9DfrPA2O
維也納股票市場喺呢日全面崩潰91Please respect copyright.PENANANf7h9vH9cl
而向隅者只好喺已經閂咗門嘅交易所前同警察跳番part舞啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAcDctYUf0uG
可能你會諗“崩潰我有經驗~輸清光我未發癲”91Please respect copyright.PENANAyWJyrUG0Bf
股災又有咩好怕喎希望在明天吖嘛91Please respect copyright.PENANASGQeCEATSs
係嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANAKbxjcb9QLB
呢啲金融風暴、金融海嘯真係同上帝一樣自有永有91Please respect copyright.PENANAeZu7XDcgSm
咩鬱金香狂熱呀南海公司泡沫呀密西西比事件呀咁91Please respect copyright.PENANAsqSk6oM7h6
啲泡沫吹爆完一個後91Please respect copyright.PENANALWvL0GvpU0
隔一輪又吹脹另一個91Please respect copyright.PENANAPSnWsjE1oH
就算喺嗰個年代都已經唔係啲咩稀奇嘅事91Please respect copyright.PENANAcpE6XoJUuY
不過今次有啲唔同91Please respect copyright.PENANAj7BaGkkrVY
隨住電報嘅普及91Please respect copyright.PENANA8zA1eJTV5i
唔同國家資本市場嘅距離變得越嚟越近91Please respect copyright.PENANAFRc6mTuXvH
而家就睇吓全球化91Please respect copyright.PENANAVaZA45LIVD
係點樣令呢次喺中歐嘅股災91Please respect copyright.PENANA8ZY8LC5vUy
演變成整個歐美世界嘅經濟災難91Please respect copyright.PENANAlMfwEhYd7F首先講吓個時代背景先91Please respect copyright.PENANAHIBkJgA3pD
嗰時正值普法戰爭後德意志帝國建國初期91Please respect copyright.PENANAziaio65hiS
法國因為法蘭克福條約而要賠款50億法朗畀德國91Please respect copyright.PENANAVPXtCvMFDn
德國政府就用呢啲錢嚟贖回之前發行嘅戰爭債券91Please respect copyright.PENANAvnVYH8ZsG5
咁導致大量熱錢流入德國金融體系91Please respect copyright.PENANAIabPp4i0z7
本身債券持有者急需為呢啲資金搵出路91Please respect copyright.PENANABlGufvaniP
德國隔離嘅奧匈帝國睇中呢點91Please respect copyright.PENANAFRqOy1poYB
就大幅放寬金融市場嘅監管91Please respect copyright.PENANA3FWxjvAkH6
於是各色各樣嘅金融公司就如雨後春筍91Please respect copyright.PENANAaWhG3pZaon
以各種名目去發行股票同債券集資91Please respect copyright.PENANAcDSOvcVB1A
好似投資匈牙利嘅小麥農場呀91Please respect copyright.PENANAT1EDgj7gUj
或者連接維也納至布達佩斯嘅鐵路呀91Please respect copyright.PENANA527OC3bbVF
甚至係啲只存在喺紙上嘅地產項目呀咁91Please respect copyright.PENANAojcwbUH7LX
咁好似上面咁講91Please respect copyright.PENANANcKXdwxncH
資本世界入面嘅國界91Please respect copyright.PENANAdlkJZBodSO
隨住通訊技術嘅改進而變得越嚟越模糊91Please respect copyright.PENANAHrLRz7SBK7
作為當時生產力最強、資本最充裕嘅英國佬91Please respect copyright.PENANAZKnIbtPfLc
當然就唔會執輸叉隻腳埋嚟啦91Please respect copyright.PENANA9efokXQsYx
喺呢啲熱錢嘅炒作吓91Please respect copyright.PENANAaqWicvuAtZ
維也納股市暴漲91Please respect copyright.PENANA0nojytlqVO
喺1873年91Please respect copyright.PENANAEn2xn1CX5R
呢個吹波波遊戲終於到達高潮喇
喺呢年維也納舉辦世界博覽會91Please respect copyright.PENANAb49ZIhqwsn
作為皇帝法蘭茲約瑟夫一世登基25周年91Please respect copyright.PENANAfXBxZI7pSn
兼向世界展現奧匈已經喺奧普戰爭戰敗中復原嘅慶祝活動91Please respect copyright.PENANAD4MQV7RJqb
呢次全球矚目嘅盛事可謂不容有失91Please respect copyright.PENANA6gRHwPN9IK
自1870年贏得主辦權後91Please respect copyright.PENANAbvBs3hXsiS
維也納到處都大興土木91Please respect copyright.PENANA42DtFIWpFn
地產項目變得相當興盛91Please respect copyright.PENANAR3ZGiGfBdD
啲熱錢梗係唔會放過咁好嘅炒作理由啦91Please respect copyright.PENANASFLwedoGUU
更多嘅資本引致更高嘅升幅91Please respect copyright.PENANAdEKLWsxFqD
而更高嘅升幅就吸引更多嘅資本91Please respect copyright.PENANA8IGYd48LF1
喺1873年頭到開幕前呢4個月間91Please respect copyright.PENANAIeepnloG4X
維也納股市升咗一倍91Please respect copyright.PENANAehxx9OLyZj
啲奧地利佬就嚟可以喺博覽會上表演左腳踏右腳上太空喇91Please respect copyright.PENANA1B3koO3ZWO
1873年維也納世博主場館Rotunda91Please respect copyright.PENANAmsEIajPGRb
就咁睇相都覺得相當宏偉91Please respect copyright.PENANAad25BYXtCU不過可惜喺1937年一場大火中燒毀吖91Please respect copyright.PENANA3wDWLnrghR
唔係嘅話而家應該係遊客必到嘅景點
當然最後佢地冇上到太空啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAFNwgilbq1F
仲拖埋全世界落地獄㖭91Please respect copyright.PENANAkxiqSBaf8e
喺5月1號籌備已久嘅世界博覽會開幕91Please respect copyright.PENANAHLp7wSPR6x
奧皇到場發表演說兼攞威91Please respect copyright.PENANA7iddBTSU13
不過喺同一時間91Please respect copyright.PENANAjnH9pJn2Z6
當時奧匈最大嘅銀行奧地利信貸突然將股票戶口清空91Please respect copyright.PENANAK9uUdkk91Y
因為佢地判斷當世博開幕嘅一刻91Please respect copyright.PENANAzfafTEllBB
就係音樂停止嘅時候喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAFourdqV7LM
而家睇番呢個根本係自我實現嘅預言91Please respect copyright.PENANAoqnL5W4Egm
因為咁做就會即時抽緊啲證券商嘅銀根91Please respect copyright.PENANA4ANRFWiNJK
作為最大嘅證券商91Please respect copyright.PENANAdZ04Lrak98
Adolf喺玩咗幾日兩個蓋冚十個煲後91Please respect copyright.PENANAyapIKs6P9g
終於頂唔順爆煲91Please respect copyright.PENANABzC39Wogy5
同時以英國資本為首嘅國際大孖沙91Please respect copyright.PENANAqerUHUgUX2
都畀呢次突如其來嘅股災殺個措手不及損手爛腳91Please respect copyright.PENANABebhJnmLQH
為防自身資金鏈斷裂91Please respect copyright.PENANAb2zTB3K6yC
佢地都開始喺歐美各主要市場減持甚至清倉91Please respect copyright.PENANA18S9UiJTN6
以增加自己嘅頭寸91Please respect copyright.PENANA3zxvq2CFKC
咁導致各大資本市場嘅銀根進一步收縮91Please respect copyright.PENANA3IgqP29L1A
股價暴跌銀行擠提企業破產91Please respect copyright.PENANAQYYsvKOAoQ
就好似骨牌一樣91Please respect copyright.PENANAjw0dLadITT
以維也納為中心向全球擴散91Please respect copyright.PENANAs6QDnZlFdN
法蘭克福、巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦……91Please respect copyright.PENANAr3RUO4AyQi
各地股市債市相繼崩潰91Please respect copyright.PENANAtcVBpnDPCO
甚至遠至紐約都受到波及91Please respect copyright.PENANAmrGM3qMs3S9月18號美國最大嘅鐵路融資銀行Jay Cooke & Co91Please respect copyright.PENANAtyb8EceeYz
因為冇晒歐洲買家買佢啲債券91Please respect copyright.PENANADgeP7dXYq1
還唔到一筆政府借貸而債務違約清盤91Please respect copyright.PENANAqiQ6HOqPXL
啲人見到咁大間銀行都搞唔掂91Please respect copyright.PENANATPNG8FbAl4
都紛紛湧去各銀行提走所有錢91Please respect copyright.PENANAggL4VLotEK
兩日內有廿間銀行接連因擠提而破產91Please respect copyright.PENANAq4LhQBlG26
紐約交易所喺20號破天荒宣布停市10日91Please respect copyright.PENANAoZ82nxMIGJ
咁自然就帶嚟更大嘅恐慌更嚴重嘅擠提啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAArXnRwDb8M
喺跟住嗰一年91Please respect copyright.PENANAQDyhtrI6IB
呢啲金融機構清盤所引發嘅連鎖反應91Please respect copyright.PENANAz2V5kbdWb9
令全美國超過100間銀行同鐵路企業倒閉...91Please respect copyright.PENANATf9IqghuXN
…相信經歷過2008年金融海嘯嘅小朋友91Please respect copyright.PENANAVYnbLUV69L
都會覺得有啲似曾相識91Please respect copyright.PENANAXuxPXWdGR0
冇錯91Please respect copyright.PENANAV8dqCMsy24
呢次被後世史學家稱為“1873年恐慌 ”嘅經濟災難91Please respect copyright.PENANAKPQTrIZnwd
就係人類史上第一次因個別企業爆煲而引發嘅全球流動性危機91Please respect copyright.PENANAz98hfT5jgA
1873年5月9號朝早91Please respect copyright.PENANAE01bw01d0i
就係嗰個年代嘅「雷曼時刻」喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAva1Q8IDmm2
咁啱得咁橋91Please respect copyright.PENANAVuBuJhkUNd
呢對猶太兄弟同佢地個阿哥所創立嗰間雜貨舖兼投資銀行91Please respect copyright.PENANAHdKSTFS0hW
喺呢次災難前察覺到鐵路同房地產市場嘅泡沫91Please respect copyright.PENANAlUbowBUO9m
而專注做番農業融資得以避過一劫之餘91Please respect copyright.PENANAkEcbt1NUXH
再踩住佢啲同行條屍壯大91Please respect copyright.PENANA6MOaEAgQWm
有咁嘅市場觸覺91Please respect copyright.PENANAbwnt6KJCgn
他朝必定可以叱吒風雲主宰全球金融91Please respect copyright.PENANAP4ekEsf3UX…吖一時唔醒起佢地姓安信定華納定咩㖭
呢次災難嘅後遺症有好多91Please respect copyright.PENANABnYUjrBJVz
例如因為銀根緊繃息率急升91Please respect copyright.PENANAIV9HPYECQR
令各行各業借貸成本暴漲91Please respect copyright.PENANAcu3DqIGsaT
從而令大量民生企業倒閉失業率飆升91Please respect copyright.PENANApVBWXVHqOL
引發歐美地區長達廿年嘅「長期蕭條」91Please respect copyright.PENANAKPqnWWBt0e
(本來1873年呢次係叫「大蕭條」嘅直至畀1929年嗰次搶咗個名)又例如猶太人被德語報章描繪成貪婪嘅吸血鬼91Please respect copyright.PENANAqPMA5Ne47t
利用各種虛假嘅投資項目同高利貸91Please respect copyright.PENANAKcJzbuyZ0q
榨取勤勞善良嘅工人辛苦勞動得嚟嘅血汗錢91Please respect copyright.PENANAcjdsbr6knx
從而引發德語地區新一輪嘅反猶太運動91Please respect copyright.PENANAeVXJT2ipXt
為日後希哥嘅「最終解決方案」奠定基礎等等91Please respect copyright.PENANABL3jS3BW8o不過呢啲都唔係今集要講嘅嘢91Please respect copyright.PENANAeIl53gq3tp
呢度我想講講呢次流動性危機91Please respect copyright.PENANAI0rLbIVNY8
係點樣誘使歐洲人去瓜分非洲
要知道喺嗰個金/銀本位嘅年代91Please respect copyright.PENANAZnCNxYzC5p
錢唔係話憑一句“In aircraft carrier god we trust”就印到出嚟91Please respect copyright.PENANAlVaBhbdSqs
而一個國家有幾多錢91Please respect copyright.PENANAHAaqvPG0oL
就視乎佢嘅貿易順差有幾大喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAXg8wJj73Xe
最完美嘅情況91Please respect copyright.PENANAHFnzdbTzoh
就係你有足夠多足夠平嘅商品之餘91Please respect copyright.PENANAvfuRt8LskA
同時又冇需要進口其他國家嘅產品91Please respect copyright.PENANAdd3x8zsgTh
當時英國呢個日不落帝國91Please respect copyright.PENANAy0TUH5dKRc
就相當接近呢個情況喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAEBVYB90WcD
喺漫長而又和平嘅19世紀91Please respect copyright.PENANAkn9ViA4jKE
英國憑藉強大嘅工業力量91Please respect copyright.PENANAbp764VFRyN
支撐住絕對優勢嘅海軍91Please respect copyright.PENANAmuVNyu2brX
喺世界各地建立起一個又一個嘅殖民地91Please respect copyright.PENANA1uPCnqjBdI
再由呢啲殖民地獲取各種廉價嘅工業原材料91Please respect copyright.PENANAa51BsOLlZH
令自己嘅產品喺世界市場上得到無可比擬嘅成本優勢91Please respect copyright.PENANAdXTFtT2zfB
賺取更多嘅外匯91Please respect copyright.PENANAQTHKpOzSRp
從而建造更多更強嘅戰艦去霸佔更多嘅殖民地91Please respect copyright.PENANAeeDQCXbCac
形成牢不可破嘅正循環91Please respect copyright.PENANArMpNLgHiHk
簡單嚟講91Please respect copyright.PENANAMJNQKN0dgu
重商主義嘅精粹91Please respect copyright.PENANAUDuKT3MP1N
就係要獲取比對手多嘅資源(aka殖民地)喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAhc1CyOdDvC
1870年嘅日不落帝國
重商主義
嗰時嘅英國就好似而家嘅美國一樣91Please respect copyright.PENANATH18gm4eKH
都係全球資本市場最主要嘅資金來源91Please respect copyright.PENANAeJwbHiIunU
所以當維也納股災引致英國收水時91Please respect copyright.PENANAoHQGWtCRed
全世界資本市場即時缺血91Please respect copyright.PENANAnyBt6LTzPX
各國即時反應就梗係止血啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAOC8ugInNRm
要止血最直接就加係關稅91Please respect copyright.PENANAlBdj3B7hQp
保護主義相繼喺各國抬頭91Please respect copyright.PENANAPEQsfvPZUY
不過對啲冇乜資源嘅國家嚟講91Please respect copyright.PENANAQc0G40ekbL
短期止到血啫91Please respect copyright.PENANAiakX77vXBm
長期嘅話一樣營養不良91Please respect copyright.PENANAtsnoAZjD6H
因為你加得關稅91Please respect copyright.PENANArir7iwPUaY
人地一樣加得91Please respect copyright.PENANARTIX5gsRxZ
你要入口工業生產所欠缺嘅原材料91Please respect copyright.PENANAduef62k13C
所繳交嘅關稅最終都會反映喺價格上91Please respect copyright.PENANAbE613f5VlG
真係賺幾多都會畀人地啲關稅食晒91Please respect copyright.PENANAXDWgzHk3Z0
所以最根本解決流動性危機嘅方法91Please respect copyright.PENANA5eSX8a8P1p
就係奪取更加多嘅殖民地91Please respect copyright.PENANA8ZEWNqvL94
而喺嗰時91Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7a1SqSuY7
全球仲未畀歐洲勢力劃分嘅地方91Please respect copyright.PENANAKCuv8Y5tSx
就只有非洲內陸、太平洋啲山旮旯島嶼同南極洲91Please respect copyright.PENANAYJfCLYE9hN
加上自1850年代以嚟嘅尼羅河溯源之旅91Please respect copyright.PENANAr9POtztvfy
已經證實咗喺奎寧同格靈鎗嘅幫助下91Please respect copyright.PENANAaOCXzfdMxl
歐洲人係可以征服非洲最可怕嘅密林同土著王國91Please respect copyright.PENANAGvJTlzLZ7P
喺呢個前提之下91Please respect copyright.PENANAxmDv0KKhJO
《瓜分非洲》呢隻DLC就變得相當吸引91Please respect copyright.PENANADklSP1L4AS
於是各個舊玩家好似西班牙、葡萄牙、英國、法國91Please respect copyright.PENANAVSuBYiWFhC
以及新玩家好似德國、意大利同某個豆腐膶咁細嘅低地國國王91Please respect copyright.PENANAOdB3dt0SJ7
都紛紛組織探險隊同遠征軍91Please respect copyright.PENANAFZCEGnADOt
務求快過對手一步91Please respect copyright.PENANAS3ciKscMxq
奪取更多嘅殖民地91Please respect copyright.PENANAxD5OeobY3V
以喺呢個現代經濟模式中佔到先機91Please respect copyright.PENANAYepJcJW0mR面對有足夠健康嘅士兵同格靈機鎗91Please respect copyright.PENANAd1nA0UiAsz
無論係南非草原嘅祖魯戰士91Please respect copyright.PENANA1OtK5fplwP
抑或係西非黃金海岸密林嘅阿散蒂叛軍91Please respect copyright.PENANAf8Sjb0thhH
都喺一陣陣“突突突”聲中化成碎片91Please respect copyright.PENANAthLwQtZkGs
1876年非洲嘅殖民地91Please respect copyright.PENANACNCq1CNQMV
可以見到除咗法國喺北非嘅阿爾及利亞91Please respect copyright.PENANAI4AYADVFwh
西非嘅塞內加爾91Please respect copyright.PENANA5YXnohVbsX
英國喺南非嘅開普殖民地91Please respect copyright.PENANAF8IrpZalHK
以及葡萄牙嗰喺東非同西非嗰兩撻有名無實嘅殖民地外91Please respect copyright.PENANAWtwQDcPFvX
其他嘅都係細到不值一提91Please respect copyright.PENANAA2kIdBrfVD
所有殖民地加埋都只有大約十份之一個非洲91Please respect copyright.PENANAtCelVdc1Yl
相對於同時期歐洲人已經全佔美洲同澳洲91Please respect copyright.PENANAbah3vUVL5q
亞洲亦都有一半以上嘅勢力落入歐洲人手中91Please respect copyright.PENANAHVdPX3cStq
殖民非洲的確係緩慢好多91Please respect copyright.PENANAPvNKGkGPF0
不過情況將會好快改變⋯⋯
91Please respect copyright.PENANApLUOrm9nmx
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會留意到91Please respect copyright.PENANA6QlYYjelge
今次金融災難明明美國佬都舐晒嘢㗎喎91Please respect copyright.PENANAN8h9GbaUIe
點解後來佢地又冇玩《瓜分非洲》呢91Please respect copyright.PENANAXP90BPpjJp
(除咗喺西非嗰撻自由黑鬼放養地91Please respect copyright.PENANAfujmlj5i1H
之後都會講講關於呢班源自非洲嘅外來物種有趣嘅故事)91Please respect copyright.PENANARdmDbim0RJ
呢樣正正就係美國之所以為「天選之國」嘅原因喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAA6ZW0hsRJj
美洲係好柒大好多資源嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANAuNiz7c0InM
地理上亦都離歐亞大陸好遠91Please respect copyright.PENANA3UJu4I593H
與其山長水遠走去非洲同舊世界班老屎忽爭餅食91Please respect copyright.PENANABrEI16peg5
不如留番喺度開發好過91Please respect copyright.PENANAienx9GLWml
所以美國立國以嚟個發展方向都係向西91Please respect copyright.PENANAq7D8irK3a1
由大西洋一路去到太平洋91Please respect copyright.PENANAXUa3GNk6DC
再將太平洋變成自己個私家泳池91Please respect copyright.PENANAC3EM2nl58G
成就出新一代舉世無雙嘅海洋霸權91Please respect copyright.PENANAsW2o2q45Pa
呢啲就係美國自我實現嘅「昭昭天命」(Manifest Destiny)喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAI51QbhuEWS
哥倫比亞女神右手攞住科學左手拉起電報線91Please respect copyright.PENANASUcrT7qccV
引領拓荒者將光明由東邊帶往西部91Please respect copyright.PENANARZF59kx91i
留意番幅圖左邊啲印第安人係走住屌嘅
不過玩咗幾年啲列強就開始覺得有啲唔對路喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAXBFUXLsWpg
係呀面對啲揸住長矛牛皮盾嘅黑鬼91Please respect copyright.PENANAtB5FaZX8U4
梗係冇問題啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAK1sThQCJMy
不過玩到咁上緊91Please respect copyright.PENANAQhbLHyJkQ1
實會同其他玩家嘅領地有交接㗎喎91Please respect copyright.PENANAz4hEmcqJIh
嗰度山長水遠到時有咩爭拗衝突都幾麻煩91Please respect copyright.PENANAngvObREdgH
究竟點樣先為之有效佔領擁有咗某個地方呢?91Please respect copyright.PENANA9mM0gp3HH2
領地內嘅河流係咪可以獨家使用定要同隔離分享呢?91Please respect copyright.PENANABd7rdQxqZD
呢啲問題隨住剛果盆地嘅爭議而浮上枱面91Please respect copyright.PENANA7N7W9qs6Ua
──1880年法國探險家皮耶・布拉柴搶先一步喺剛果河北岸建立布拉柴維爾91Please respect copyright.PENANAyyetwnAtel
當時比利時國王利奧波德二世隻馬仔亨利・史坦利見到唔對路91Please respect copyright.PENANAn8NuYpyQrW
就嗱嗱臨喺對岸起咗個以佢老細嚟命名嘅哨站仔(利奧波德維爾,即係而家嘅金沙薩)91Please respect copyright.PENANATbi0B3aGuH
以阻止法國佬南下91Please respect copyright.PENANAMwnj89qIg6
由此引發咗一連串嘅領土同航行權爭議91Please respect copyright.PENANAq8iaqmX865
世上相距最近嘅首都(唔計羅馬同梵蒂岡)91Please respect copyright.PENANAUrCEJ5N6ot
直線距離唔夠3公里91Please respect copyright.PENANA0kWmLQSj46
不過最意想不到嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANAaPkVqIhx76
係竟然有飛機航班來往呢兩個城市91Please respect copyright.PENANAFbPYlY04pl
全程唔使5分鐘
歐洲佬對呢啲殖民地領土爭議並唔陌生91Please respect copyright.PENANAXVYzbY3mFI
其實免得過嘅話佢地都唔想為呢啲殖民地打仗91Please respect copyright.PENANA5Y6ppXNdGm
好似西班牙同葡萄牙簽署嘅《托爾德西里亞斯條約》同《薩拉戈薩條約》91Please respect copyright.PENANAscTmFVIIBC
就令呢兩個世仇唔使為爭奪全球嘅殖民地而大動干戈91Please respect copyright.PENANAloCwjwXw8o不過今次咁多玩家一齊喺同一個地方玩嘅話91Please respect copyright.PENANA5CzAukXZ6D
所牽涉利益嘅複雜性91Please respect copyright.PENANAApxFuNlIhf
就唔係呢啲雙邊條約可以處理到喇91Please respect copyright.PENANA3pR6IAVpe8
佢地急需坐埋一齊研究吓91Please respect copyright.PENANA4UzZ5osgqQ
呢隻《瓜分非洲》91Please respect copyright.PENANA7W8MVxlbj3
究竟要有啲咩遊戲規則...91Please respect copyright.PENANANhG4tJ3INJ
.91Please respect copyright.PENANA5PSELOxlCf
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAX3AHUM2QVq
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAeQyg0ovQLZ
.91Please respect copyright.PENANApacMSdzehG
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAs5FmPz05DH
.91Please respect copyright.PENANA9dFGTRFCGd
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAMetKXoRbJd
.91Please respect copyright.PENANA4tw2at2hE8
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAqI32ICwYEm
.91Please respect copyright.PENANACVC7Yk719u
.91Please respect copyright.PENANA4xj56e8MfP
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAmEdeNqsK6F
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAwa6BgUhztS
.91Please respect copyright.PENANABlYtQmC0b9
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAzEAJNlQi57
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAeOcEs5Q9Wy
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAlEq9FXZhi1
.91Please respect copyright.PENANApnEWQkuEzw
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAETOe9ECcqz
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAKNEF6oio47
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAZYq0Lb9x27
.91Please respect copyright.PENANANUq7jENT4U
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAv3ARONUTUZ
.91Please respect copyright.PENANApTwmuleVlf
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAV6HnuKoCzn
.91Please respect copyright.PENANA9aWyzHXotj
.91Please respect copyright.PENANADBD3tE0Unl
.91Please respect copyright.PENANALX5J4cNGl7
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAgWMWb4v6wb
.91Please respect copyright.PENANAimKhUvtRNB
91Please respect copyright.PENANA1kmvEaQeLC
…唔使咁急喎91Please respect copyright.PENANAzwlMvsTZw8
食埋件餅先慢慢傾啦91Please respect copyright.PENANASUjTdXVQz6下一集《柏林盛宴》91Please respect copyright.PENANAbNCuzrAnUr
就會講吓呢個喺後世惡名昭彰嘅柏林會議91Please respect copyright.PENANA2rVNb0cANc
當中嘅來龍去脈喇