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就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙144Please respect copyright.PENANA8Mx2J2CCfJ
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下144Please respect copyright.PENANAHILap56RUX
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙144Please respect copyright.PENANAZnrbGEXauO
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斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦144Please respect copyright.PENANA3BW1nyA9ZP
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布144Please respect copyright.PENANAKP58SvXxcW
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華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸144Please respect copyright.PENANAxBooDFIXGE
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網144Please respect copyright.PENANAqXDBTRYC3F
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦144Please respect copyright.PENANAIfOCk24A4U
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞144Please respect copyright.PENANAjVfFSAy89Z
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自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料144Please respect copyright.PENANAaWJiGNiavU
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀144Please respect copyright.PENANAS9nsB5bgmq
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦144Please respect copyright.PENANAo8xzMf7UDF
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下144Please respect copyright.PENANAEGBUSVZew5
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇144Please respect copyright.PENANArQFibhjgVT
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時144Please respect copyright.PENANAcUsJ2GXaZk
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地144Please respect copyright.PENANAbVjbhfzepk
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力144Please respect copyright.PENANAKSulTqqlRh
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累144Please respect copyright.PENANAFE9ppY5ZXQ
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖144Please respect copyright.PENANAs4iAMkjjYl
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗144Please respect copyright.PENANAe7MFfOqOx0
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多144Please respect copyright.PENANArupYLwBLhk
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易144Please respect copyright.PENANAdANtqhm6HU
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水144Please respect copyright.PENANAJmysbACZhT
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度144Please respect copyright.PENANAVv9Op3XZTk
同環繞赤道一周差唔多144Please respect copyright.PENANAuDendHaZA5
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲144Please respect copyright.PENANAEkQJshY4NW
萬一有咩阻滯144Please respect copyright.PENANA9ZO9ppFFS0
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道144Please respect copyright.PENANAL1vVz0R6DL
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢144Please respect copyright.PENANAzQHskKTSr1
就仆得街喇144Please respect copyright.PENANASv5JHTIjuH
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年144Please respect copyright.PENANAxPJozxcg8n
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得144Please respect copyright.PENANACs3lgdEORW
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天144Please respect copyright.PENANABnNeXITJPC
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非144Please respect copyright.PENANALS9EgyYaJb
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年144Please respect copyright.PENANAi0qqReDuMN
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生144Please respect copyright.PENANAgS29KzYHwV
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺144Please respect copyright.PENANAjM7jIrZfIZ
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等144Please respect copyright.PENANAigvWrmueRA
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支144Please respect copyright.PENANAkyYZdwCHHm
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊144Please respect copyright.PENANAPBnfMb9FJZ
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢144Please respect copyright.PENANAeb3Q817Ajn
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講144Please respect copyright.PENANAD014QburRN
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉144Please respect copyright.PENANAe84W0VdX8C
就算食到都消化不良啦144Please respect copyright.PENANAChxM3lL3ST
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站144Please respect copyright.PENANAXcEYkDcEJg
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向144Please respect copyright.PENANASkZcQYz1eo
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞144Please respect copyright.PENANAscrk5LzzPs
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多144Please respect copyright.PENANAyen7HC1RlT
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:144Please respect copyright.PENANANd1WsBSafY
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢144Please respect copyright.PENANAa1S8sbbfW7
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫144Please respect copyright.PENANASHPjueDEB8
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近144Please respect copyright.PENANAWwpAdU9tZc
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎144Please respect copyright.PENANAsGJXEs92PN
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力144Please respect copyright.PENANAhlWCfE3WDY
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁144Please respect copyright.PENANAOBRWhpiMNp
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩144Please respect copyright.PENANAcsxEdDZR8b
美洲有耕地144Please respect copyright.PENANAQXbBDrGU36
非洲有人力144Please respect copyright.PENANA1Z5TrQHc3l
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心144Please respect copyright.PENANAGsHmxAK5FE
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦144Please respect copyright.PENANAFzzwCgDhE6
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢144Please respect copyright.PENANAVfxhAChYpm
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼144Please respect copyright.PENANA15cVXE8OFn
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢144Please respect copyright.PENANA63T5QxVgvB
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國144Please respect copyright.PENANATDXcK9ZhlU
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦144Please respect copyright.PENANAExmqZ5fh7N
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行144Please respect copyright.PENANAAGdmt6ao0O
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣144Please respect copyright.PENANAq40dvL9Vkl
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴144Please respect copyright.PENANA6OwcgNL2DV
由此激發各國投入人力物力144Please respect copyright.PENANAiH25H7CuLc
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器144Please respect copyright.PENANAtGsQoj8b2o
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船144Please respect copyright.PENANAJPZoDSfJNZ
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展144Please respect copyright.PENANAkOORremErU
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等144Please respect copyright.PENANA1ke75MRI42
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話144Please respect copyright.PENANAMQI0f77O9H
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易144Please respect copyright.PENANAsKTfkR0B9a
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲144Please respect copyright.PENANAM2QXYTPv8i為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度144Please respect copyright.PENANA32kEDjNElt
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:144Please respect copyright.PENANAW3jyxgGdaG
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?144Please respect copyright.PENANAhVnQPtANS5
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒144Please respect copyright.PENANAvcnVuMsqNX
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀144Please respect copyright.PENANAzt26SPuOo4
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢144Please respect copyright.PENANAhAymSS3QfE
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成144Please respect copyright.PENANAQfOi1M3Bdb
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉144Please respect copyright.PENANAxqCxF6HXbr
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現144Please respect copyright.PENANAQAQTkjqJGJ
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲144Please respect copyright.PENANApulSwqiRS5
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉144Please respect copyright.PENANAmHTc2AgVnC
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團144Please respect copyright.PENANAioEWozQScw
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議144Please respect copyright.PENANADKupuE8Tml
準備選出新教宗喇144Please respect copyright.PENANAre2BoWybiH
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖144Please respect copyright.PENANAj5FfM4FFwv
自16世紀起144Please respect copyright.PENANArUwXNHfMTI
呢個小圈子選舉144Please respect copyright.PENANAyP3wMsaUg3
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控144Please respect copyright.PENANAjbDxYLhKon
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益144Please respect copyright.PENANAb6NW54vKx1
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營144Please respect copyright.PENANAIRNjFKcl2J
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤144Please respect copyright.PENANAzv0Y30WnPe
有時仲會大打出手144Please respect copyright.PENANA3sOrLWLgWL
好似1605年3月嗰次144Please respect copyright.PENANAEsZALLnr9u
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨144Please respect copyright.PENANAcPUifYqAJf
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈144Please respect copyright.PENANAi59QJOyz2n
不過呢個唔係今集重點144Please respect copyright.PENANAwgimwJMlTY
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇144Please respect copyright.PENANAnuhf0QnB0z
我直接講個結果:144Please respect copyright.PENANA803dMEgN4T
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗144Please respect copyright.PENANAXNnfchGgsC
法號伍朋八世144Please respect copyright.PENANAmvHO49MY4K
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員144Please respect copyright.PENANADCtCLk4cCh
…144Please respect copyright.PENANAWtznlrrVon
..144Please respect copyright.PENANA8bvUebnprg
.144Please respect copyright.PENANAN2BkQIlNrW
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???144Please respect copyright.PENANAM281iLb2mp
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦144Please respect copyright.PENANAn6Gw4RRmk7
佢地其實係病死嘅144Please respect copyright.PENANA6fSBIBEJrA
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"144Please respect copyright.PENANAFdc1zIqPTt
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇144Please respect copyright.PENANACHRItg5V98
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播144Please respect copyright.PENANA5R8FyLHmep
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時144Please respect copyright.PENANA9Wco1L9rJO
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味144Please respect copyright.PENANAm44kfBcOet
係會令人發燒同病死144Please respect copyright.PENANApuzYM9fAHq
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾144Please respect copyright.PENANAhTbLEPZvwY
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後144Please respect copyright.PENANAo2EBedsXh0
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘144Please respect copyright.PENANAOSTZfeuQvQ
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體144Please respect copyright.PENANARkYcfai2mJ
帶返去羅馬本土喇144Please respect copyright.PENANAHNcPaBkqNk
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶144Please respect copyright.PENANAqbBk7x8u2X
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖144Please respect copyright.PENANAMcIhdC9i32
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地144Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7Q2hh9FoQ
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣144Please respect copyright.PENANALUwb2bKNra
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時144Please respect copyright.PENANA5HrBCHOrx8
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命144Please respect copyright.PENANA5Lg4vPOi7C
額我略十五世唔遲唔早144Please respect copyright.PENANA8rdeGnJoDH
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋144Please respect copyright.PENANA8hLp8DV4Op
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇144Please respect copyright.PENANAX3wpCm05V7
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世144Please respect copyright.PENANAdYeBCMh5Bf
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召144Please respect copyright.PENANAM0LplKuQCb
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦144Please respect copyright.PENANAdGt8aPkXju
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病144Please respect copyright.PENANAKdU3ziGqpt
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史144Please respect copyright.PENANAl7MT1bAAf4
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦144Please respect copyright.PENANA72IS8f7VYG
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾144Please respect copyright.PENANAShn0sw0lde
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法144Please respect copyright.PENANAD8giYkASQw
真係唔醫好過醫144Please respect copyright.PENANAPP23MB8LBX
不過喺呢個大航海時代144Please respect copyright.PENANAhonNCTm0jf
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢144Please respect copyright.PENANAL9jceTb824
16世紀起144Please respect copyright.PENANAeylYBtY92l
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊144Please respect copyright.PENANAHBULjZlKoK
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲144Please respect copyright.PENANAdQjnsazbro
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛144Please respect copyright.PENANAAdpmJf6aOk
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人144Please respect copyright.PENANA5tHxbZunar
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣144Please respect copyright.PENANAyxB7jQS9JR
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目144Please respect copyright.PENANA7uBVAaDkRM
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材144Please respect copyright.PENANAHHEEsHmiw5
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英144Please respect copyright.PENANATH4WCJk1Ri
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落144Please respect copyright.PENANAW8GlWSaGP8
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦144Please respect copyright.PENANAT4aGs3kOfK
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情144Please respect copyright.PENANAWAiMrXCm7N
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....144Please respect copyright.PENANAHwMnRCNTNb
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸144Please respect copyright.PENANAsy5VISiW8O
喺呢個地理大發現時代144Please respect copyright.PENANAhNtXFZsIox
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置144Please respect copyright.PENANAqsLkd5HNaR
呢個故事嘅主要成份144Please respect copyright.PENANAgDd0laAdDr
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初144Please respect copyright.PENANAaAsoYsLaiZ
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬144Please respect copyright.PENANA8G1l0YXvvq
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後144Please respect copyright.PENANAk1zzavN6z1
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土144Please respect copyright.PENANAdMXPZmblxq
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵144Please respect copyright.PENANAbik6wgyP7x
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉144Please respect copyright.PENANADKnbsDGvVJ
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病144Please respect copyright.PENANARkKTtXJcUT
服從性有幾高可想而知144Please respect copyright.PENANAoJ0tcqvlwe
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫144Please respect copyright.PENANAzFK9ucy6Pk
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話144Please respect copyright.PENANAtBMkOLh3G9
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講144Please respect copyright.PENANAMmmDG2Q4y6
無疑係甘上加甘144Please respect copyright.PENANAhCxmIKW4mq
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢144Please respect copyright.PENANAQqkpszJJUE
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000144Please respect copyright.PENANAFaiB0g2xhF
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度144Please respect copyright.PENANAAxYgmkUjjN
錢就使咗效果又冇144Please respect copyright.PENANAZCYtIU6bMJ
咁點搞?144Please respect copyright.PENANAGOv82tASd8
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”144Please respect copyright.PENANAWYimsqfAq1
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案144Please respect copyright.PENANA7zdF8xsDiT
作為糖嘅發源地144Please respect copyright.PENANAbw2nZ71Eux
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像144Please respect copyright.PENANAw9y6VMrE9y
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右144Please respect copyright.PENANAcMreuOSVNL
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官144Please respect copyright.PENANAS8JVL6SPV9
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:144Please respect copyright.PENANAhoT7tZlX51
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧144Please respect copyright.PENANAKpZelzPeui
溶入高濃度糖水144Please respect copyright.PENANAkKoSy4YuMj
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮144Please respect copyright.PENANA0j0pUataLa
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿144Please respect copyright.PENANAD2dkIWGzoC
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度144Please respect copyright.PENANAM49nnYZZDm
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇144Please respect copyright.PENANAQn3EdCcfwj
啲軍官再進一步144Please respect copyright.PENANAqf7lVWkko4
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒144Please respect copyright.PENANAiLnWDCzn2K
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
144Please respect copyright.PENANACRzLKvwLDy
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆144Please respect copyright.PENANANINCqzYALE
法國人曾經試過用紅酒144Please respect copyright.PENANAnrCMdjMEaK
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪144Please respect copyright.PENANAHs6u6LnTnI
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水144Please respect copyright.PENANAopQi6mBzP8
味道完全唔融和144Please respect copyright.PENANAXBrKQNLYu3
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味144Please respect copyright.PENANA7jw5wjgq9z
後來研究發現144Please respect copyright.PENANAdulpC7jLxs
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份144Please respect copyright.PENANApXlvtou4Cv
同奎寧結合成聚合體144Please respect copyright.PENANA1COeja2il1
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道144Please respect copyright.PENANAawO8TzSV4B
呢個偶然嘅發現144Please respect copyright.PENANAmGoOd7p6sW
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎144Please respect copyright.PENANAK8xZDmZLpE
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵144Please respect copyright.PENANAPagwFblYSV
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧144Please respect copyright.PENANAqYAD4CTTFl
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥144Please respect copyright.PENANAq6Jbn7zq1n
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品144Please respect copyright.PENANAX8njzHwwAU
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度144Please respect copyright.PENANAeDXY46ZRJA
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品144Please respect copyright.PENANAdyL0msPkr2
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)144Please respect copyright.PENANAZDRAPvwiZz
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水144Please respect copyright.PENANA9YO0cJ2lCU
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水144Please respect copyright.PENANAXb5JiTnhgn
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命144Please respect copyright.PENANAgw4XtC9Yv4
例如喺1875年144Please respect copyright.PENANAO9Q74ulKpX
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率144Please respect copyright.PENANASbLoPz6bis
已經跌到去1.5%144Please respect copyright.PENANA41XFyUjNT1
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面144Please respect copyright.PENANAS5QCa7NG6e
下集會講吓144Please respect copyright.PENANAwHBDm3fdWW
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥144Please respect copyright.PENANANPj1qQQfNo
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運144Please respect copyright.PENANA8aoaOUJzbs144Please respect copyright.PENANAFcXLwJzpnN