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開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
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非洲
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易262Please respect copyright.PENANAgZ7l3whGmx
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲262Please respect copyright.PENANAGph6QrXnTX為日後BLM埋下伏線
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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我直接講個結果:262Please respect copyright.PENANAxcKvV7oKni
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗262Please respect copyright.PENANAnDEl9TBQWe
法號伍朋八世262Please respect copyright.PENANAFAMl7c6iPT
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…262Please respect copyright.PENANAZZaFZeouwI
..262Please respect copyright.PENANA8Q5lDUrAXe
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???262Please respect copyright.PENANAJcXaxVoXOn
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
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喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"262Please respect copyright.PENANAOoCgWvSO6o
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇262Please respect copyright.PENANA5NNpmdvb3q
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呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
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呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
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羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘262Please respect copyright.PENANA6UsOhfES0A
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帶返去羅馬本土喇262Please respect copyright.PENANAISfug108s9
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帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖262Please respect copyright.PENANA4afZHUFtDx
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地262Please respect copyright.PENANAasC5lrwcl0
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每年夏天炎熱潮濕時262Please respect copyright.PENANASCvUVxfMOs
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中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾262Please respect copyright.PENANAFPu1vhupdZ
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法262Please respect copyright.PENANAY6KTK5YhjL
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耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊262Please respect copyright.PENANADyFIRXHf1n
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲262Please respect copyright.PENANAmRvqhGdxCF
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嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣262Please respect copyright.PENANAxtNwBIf2cF
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目262Please respect copyright.PENANATppaIC7iKY
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材262Please respect copyright.PENANA0lXIcGREtz
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呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落262Please respect copyright.PENANAri17GiXkQH
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦262Please respect copyright.PENANAS7omaw4NDW
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情262Please respect copyright.PENANAjkyLLablpw
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....262Please respect copyright.PENANA8RdG87Olmr
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就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
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地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬262Please respect copyright.PENANAzBKyQdaUyF
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去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病262Please respect copyright.PENANAL62RN1Agby
服從性有幾高可想而知262Please respect copyright.PENANATK8MZWTfbx
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫262Please respect copyright.PENANAgzdulI6z3J
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話262Please respect copyright.PENANAVtBOduOpJy
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講262Please respect copyright.PENANADz1fu53ujq
無疑係甘上加甘262Please respect copyright.PENANAmBAqf8EEPU
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢262Please respect copyright.PENANArPlGrItB2L
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000262Please respect copyright.PENANAutdp2qE1Ke
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度262Please respect copyright.PENANAzOgX3thcXm
錢就使咗效果又冇262Please respect copyright.PENANAqZB4bT1mfd
咁點搞?262Please respect copyright.PENANA3rBUeYNeJf
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”262Please respect copyright.PENANAxHDFrsZUIk
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案262Please respect copyright.PENANA0r087p0bF6
作為糖嘅發源地262Please respect copyright.PENANA6CqxDdmn5K
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像262Please respect copyright.PENANAvFl6dNYKau
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右262Please respect copyright.PENANAr4Cazbp6hG
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官262Please respect copyright.PENANAVKbbHNko6S
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:262Please respect copyright.PENANAkU8tZDhHDF
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧262Please respect copyright.PENANATplorpSUrL
溶入高濃度糖水262Please respect copyright.PENANA041RtLBTXY
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮262Please respect copyright.PENANANRHzRpMmtI
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿262Please respect copyright.PENANALNZE7bFI9i
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度262Please respect copyright.PENANAziIreATB7V
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇262Please respect copyright.PENANAdWPdrL0jFf
啲軍官再進一步262Please respect copyright.PENANAY77ZiH7xZM
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒262Please respect copyright.PENANA8a6lM1j46r
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
262Please respect copyright.PENANAGmBohHkd79
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆262Please respect copyright.PENANAhxDcV48kCn
法國人曾經試過用紅酒262Please respect copyright.PENANAqgo2AARmPt
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪262Please respect copyright.PENANAd6A5n5gW1u
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水262Please respect copyright.PENANA2HFr9b84f1
味道完全唔融和262Please respect copyright.PENANAckqsktiCV8
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味262Please respect copyright.PENANAlGVJ6VMZyM
後來研究發現262Please respect copyright.PENANAnWsiTD6pTP
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份262Please respect copyright.PENANAFvuc8lE8Ob
同奎寧結合成聚合體262Please respect copyright.PENANAZSBcjjkSki
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道262Please respect copyright.PENANAlCH1nanVc4
呢個偶然嘅發現262Please respect copyright.PENANADT5sMShayZ
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎262Please respect copyright.PENANA59cs6jESjg
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵262Please respect copyright.PENANA8Gj6dEjMtv
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧262Please respect copyright.PENANAyGDjgU8Y9X
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥262Please respect copyright.PENANABmA4H53jCJ
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品262Please respect copyright.PENANAE6AGhr8GM3
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度262Please respect copyright.PENANA6dRSMeEWXE
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品262Please respect copyright.PENANAiAvN8Y9zRj
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)262Please respect copyright.PENANAKDo4BE4Wbh
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水262Please respect copyright.PENANAh6e3bUtJqt
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水262Please respect copyright.PENANAwfK111tRdO
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命262Please respect copyright.PENANAoVhh5CSLNb
例如喺1875年262Please respect copyright.PENANAzsZHrZSLvL
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率262Please respect copyright.PENANAVit4CJ9HDY
已經跌到去1.5%262Please respect copyright.PENANAgV5s5iBSEM
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面262Please respect copyright.PENANApTK1CkDR3Q
下集會講吓262Please respect copyright.PENANAstUXRqbQVn
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥262Please respect copyright.PENANAF2Z9UGmwZD
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運262Please respect copyright.PENANAaHlCpdz50S262Please respect copyright.PENANAY41UgDqFzY