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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網121Please respect copyright.PENANAFmy5yBAeL8
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀121Please respect copyright.PENANAeEmuoZ9gFz
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日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力121Please respect copyright.PENANAQhHbrlZ1AJ
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西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗121Please respect copyright.PENANA0lotfJGHDE
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多121Please respect copyright.PENANAcbWWG0t58Q
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易121Please respect copyright.PENANAyZyHwPLvMx
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食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢121Please respect copyright.PENANAI2d7d1ZYhb
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就算食到都消化不良啦121Please respect copyright.PENANAbwLkP2TMez
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站121Please respect copyright.PENANAJAjS8bc3mY
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向121Please respect copyright.PENANA0oh6lBsmMJ
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞121Please respect copyright.PENANAILyrq9Hm6N
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呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:121Please respect copyright.PENANAUtfSnXXm4g
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢121Please respect copyright.PENANA2xjSP05ihG
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦121Please respect copyright.PENANAXwm3lX6wxF
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢121Please respect copyright.PENANAFVaO4OmKSk
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼121Please respect copyright.PENANAH2o0Xag3rU
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢121Please respect copyright.PENANApRT7mNJUdA
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國121Please respect copyright.PENANAmAZmPrasEL
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隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行121Please respect copyright.PENANAZrsdgd73Hm
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣121Please respect copyright.PENANAQkxTEhN7RP
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由此激發各國投入人力物力121Please respect copyright.PENANAD96Ps1MD3l
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器121Please respect copyright.PENANAreVmQqPows
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船121Please respect copyright.PENANAMbNFmuKNbi
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易121Please respect copyright.PENANA65UdTn2AVI
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲121Please respect copyright.PENANArEK5If3tzk為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度121Please respect copyright.PENANAd4ptiKubkl
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乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?121Please respect copyright.PENANAkrwJJL93eJ
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒121Please respect copyright.PENANAX4jJsQnCjO
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歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成121Please respect copyright.PENANAwtBwvQ5jzp
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉121Please respect copyright.PENANAVEW5r6yiFO
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲121Please respect copyright.PENANADcflnLnDxC
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於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團121Please respect copyright.PENANA0V3OMUMmID
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖121Please respect copyright.PENANAvvu0aj6iXB
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呢個小圈子選舉121Please respect copyright.PENANApi6eyzfgeb
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控121Please respect copyright.PENANA9UlSXM5z5Z
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營121Please respect copyright.PENANAhxXMjmLbgp
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤121Please respect copyright.PENANAvDKNGqiPwx
有時仲會大打出手121Please respect copyright.PENANAhcq05PxKGH
好似1605年3月嗰次121Please respect copyright.PENANA7WIGY8DsHS
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨121Please respect copyright.PENANAr9Zt0nKo1x
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈121Please respect copyright.PENANAJyBc97P7TR
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所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇121Please respect copyright.PENANAXxzAbPsoKc
我直接講個結果:121Please respect copyright.PENANA4ZMknI12le
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗121Please respect copyright.PENANAaTrUbW90da
法號伍朋八世121Please respect copyright.PENANAARGL0N5jGD
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員121Please respect copyright.PENANApXlP3K9fbi
…121Please respect copyright.PENANAxklX3EPWc0
..121Please respect copyright.PENANAOOuXXi1fsA
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???121Please respect copyright.PENANAxuhXXweqVO
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦121Please respect copyright.PENANAEa9uwpP4eS
佢地其實係病死嘅121Please respect copyright.PENANAzsnjb2QHvn
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"121Please respect copyright.PENANAqWEQt0pPT4
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇121Please respect copyright.PENANAJ2Lk0dN1sT
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播121Please respect copyright.PENANADrTMvOcVv6
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時121Please respect copyright.PENANAI8iBXGj9Cz
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味121Please respect copyright.PENANAv4ZtAS3YqY
係會令人發燒同病死121Please respect copyright.PENANAQ4qM9tym6K
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾121Please respect copyright.PENANAtZRYIOhmoc
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後121Please respect copyright.PENANAJ8M7VI6Tlm
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘121Please respect copyright.PENANAmTfq5jZpuv
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體121Please respect copyright.PENANACEvJO6WAnf
帶返去羅馬本土喇121Please respect copyright.PENANAAgK5ciJhCr
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶121Please respect copyright.PENANAmtyawI6KWn
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖121Please respect copyright.PENANAiEsksJeGeP
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地121Please respect copyright.PENANA5Y7ONI4zqD
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣121Please respect copyright.PENANAdOPo5XBzJ2
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時121Please respect copyright.PENANAIaMQIc5ITi
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命121Please respect copyright.PENANArub5GDxkOl
額我略十五世唔遲唔早121Please respect copyright.PENANAFHQkGy0N6M
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋121Please respect copyright.PENANAYmOAc7to0r
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇121Please respect copyright.PENANAVUjQv88ShT
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世121Please respect copyright.PENANA8a4zoaUh46
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梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦121Please respect copyright.PENANATzESdhhjuM
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病121Please respect copyright.PENANAo3lzKKt6wP
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史121Please respect copyright.PENANAfciSPvfc46
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中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾121Please respect copyright.PENANA13oNHw9aRh
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法121Please respect copyright.PENANA9QHn1ecq4I
真係唔醫好過醫121Please respect copyright.PENANAGBCvOSqDOA
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的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢121Please respect copyright.PENANAubM1fp7O5T
16世紀起121Please respect copyright.PENANAlnWX5GMLrQ
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊121Please respect copyright.PENANAi0G1WdbUDy
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲121Please respect copyright.PENANAPjV24Yulci
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛121Please respect copyright.PENANAku8ZboZdEN
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人121Please respect copyright.PENANABdwSanGJQx
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣121Please respect copyright.PENANADc2qdAZLSH
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目121Please respect copyright.PENANA9AeRkx8Gim
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材121Please respect copyright.PENANAlh9AXFap8R
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英121Please respect copyright.PENANA4vCepzcJUG
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落121Please respect copyright.PENANAOXzTEuSWNC
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦121Please respect copyright.PENANAhZ1JppnxHv
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情121Please respect copyright.PENANA2IgzY6h8ZX
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....121Please respect copyright.PENANAiCQm88Doui
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呢個故事嘅主要成份121Please respect copyright.PENANAfu2833FMab
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初121Please respect copyright.PENANAYlQn1u4Nxn
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬121Please respect copyright.PENANAmVu5IQjUKT
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後121Please respect copyright.PENANAY2bA8ltYxG
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不過如果冇事冇幹純粹食嚟預防中招嘅話呢?121Please respect copyright.PENANAF4IdmZdl84
就唔同咁講喇121Please respect copyright.PENANA4cMbFQuNAo
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵121Please respect copyright.PENANAwNboZFlNG8
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉121Please respect copyright.PENANAtgUGRTOqkj
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病121Please respect copyright.PENANAAMrIiquaqU
服從性有幾高可想而知121Please respect copyright.PENANAfMISZo2pQw
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫121Please respect copyright.PENANAddBlVoO7ZD
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話121Please respect copyright.PENANAwOj1I6IJSl
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講121Please respect copyright.PENANADlG3i9kyMB
無疑係甘上加甘121Please respect copyright.PENANA6ljcxurz0l
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢121Please respect copyright.PENANA3sBKcVNC5X
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000121Please respect copyright.PENANAGIcV2SJFlx
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度121Please respect copyright.PENANAWhzOEgoNT8
錢就使咗效果又冇121Please respect copyright.PENANAiwwBojlfmv
咁點搞?121Please respect copyright.PENANA2MLXXbN6Of
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”121Please respect copyright.PENANAQKF1q5bOql
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案121Please respect copyright.PENANAIEWVNLTzW2
作為糖嘅發源地121Please respect copyright.PENANAhSCWxxaNa1
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像121Please respect copyright.PENANA25FNMQK5Z2
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右121Please respect copyright.PENANAWoE5c4EmzN
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官121Please respect copyright.PENANAF9H2ui2m4a
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:121Please respect copyright.PENANAI5X8qsNCKn
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧121Please respect copyright.PENANAyIMTjKrg2Q
溶入高濃度糖水121Please respect copyright.PENANAjyylvA24kp
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮121Please respect copyright.PENANABOlqHp4iQQ
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿121Please respect copyright.PENANA5TKvF0qkoM
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度121Please respect copyright.PENANAR1QOZqrgr6
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇121Please respect copyright.PENANAI4ml3WaGTT
啲軍官再進一步121Please respect copyright.PENANAv5cjD0MZby
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒121Please respect copyright.PENANAnZmJsXqv3r
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
121Please respect copyright.PENANAEuaX6twgUm
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆121Please respect copyright.PENANAReH9qNXkz9
法國人曾經試過用紅酒121Please respect copyright.PENANAk7xApmPOWE
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪121Please respect copyright.PENANAGwc4lAHKLp
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水121Please respect copyright.PENANAU93ieIFtB0
味道完全唔融和121Please respect copyright.PENANAbTUwnKWhxH
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味121Please respect copyright.PENANAKvBudjW4Gk
後來研究發現121Please respect copyright.PENANAU60n9LqMZV
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份121Please respect copyright.PENANALVXbQkoGEn
同奎寧結合成聚合體121Please respect copyright.PENANA0dJ2amJgrA
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道121Please respect copyright.PENANAGGoepM9nQo
呢個偶然嘅發現121Please respect copyright.PENANANiN1BMfV9k
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎121Please respect copyright.PENANASsY1ydx66q
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵121Please respect copyright.PENANA81Tx3oBDTS
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧121Please respect copyright.PENANACPr7S5W9NU
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥121Please respect copyright.PENANAcHc58FTkzd
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品121Please respect copyright.PENANAUCRcCanmH6
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度121Please respect copyright.PENANAfDOiHPknND
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品121Please respect copyright.PENANAnjji2QA75F
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)121Please respect copyright.PENANA8iyAh9IpS8
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水121Please respect copyright.PENANAF46j6BkBhG
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水121Please respect copyright.PENANAXm2Ibsr6s4
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命121Please respect copyright.PENANAn5y5gdJnf9
例如喺1875年121Please respect copyright.PENANACjP2Xt3CHW
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率121Please respect copyright.PENANAXwWeFm1E5W
已經跌到去1.5%121Please respect copyright.PENANAcLYb07tzrC
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面121Please respect copyright.PENANA4qMkhrUGS0
下集會講吓121Please respect copyright.PENANAyge6nEffbX
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥121Please respect copyright.PENANACOtK2kXOgt
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運121Please respect copyright.PENANA8t28iu1QwH121Please respect copyright.PENANAogQyUz6GIy