
今集講講呢隻來自南美、名叫奎寧嘅蝴蝶148Please respect copyright.PENANAHPbuB8avTK
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴148Please respect copyright.PENANAqgpjdE1nuX
當初歐洲佬唔係笨撚柒148Please respect copyright.PENANA0ChQDKbgrX
佢地當然知道直接殖民非洲148Please respect copyright.PENANAkoRT32jGJV
係可以減省好多運輸奴隸嘅開支啦148Please respect copyright.PENANAzTjIdJ0526
事實上佢地一早就佔領晒非洲外圍嘅群島148Please respect copyright.PENANAgtJKwrhp8l
並喺嗰度利用黑奴建立起一個個嘅種植園148Please respect copyright.PENANA3Rm3lkwORm
規模仲相當之大148Please respect copyright.PENANARBGdJ5Ro6i
好似葡萄牙喺畿內亞灣嘅聖多美普林西比148Please respect copyright.PENANASqzfrbrMPc
喺16世紀就曾經係世上最大嘅產糖地148Please respect copyright.PENANAJ3uhGyXgOC
(以重量計喺嗰時蔗糖同黃金係等值)148Please respect copyright.PENANAuFGPmlwof6
聖多美普林西比(São Tomé and Príncipe)
不過同呢啲渺無人煙嘅外島相比148Please respect copyright.PENANAJ3UnbiEASO
非洲內陸就完全係另一回事喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAN5uj3Ceb4r
對白人嚟講148Please respect copyright.PENANArddqmcQf1D
撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅叢林地帶148Please respect copyright.PENANAN4CoxzMnwY
自古以來就係九死一生嘅毒龍潭148Please respect copyright.PENANAcFinskFzGQ呢片被稱為“黑非洲”嘅雨林148Please respect copyright.PENANAtQmYqGvkXr
古時就已經被認為係不可逾越嘅蠻荒之地148Please respect copyright.PENANACyID6VDKA5
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德就曾經記載148Please respect copyright.PENANAlGk09BbdLO
喺公元前530年148Please respect copyright.PENANAY9ZlPvBap4
當時地上最強、啱啱征服咗埃及嘅波斯王岡比西斯二世148Please respect copyright.PENANAUsBSvv6xRG
佢派去探索呢個世界盡頭嘅遠征軍148Please respect copyright.PENANAPtH93d0bEf
仗都未打就喺征途死咗一半人被迫折返148Please respect copyright.PENANAk8tfOCD6e5
另外古羅馬曾經4次派遠征軍橫越撒哈拉148Please respect copyright.PENANA5ajuxAqRHO
最後都係冇辦法穿越呢片浩瀚無垠嘅密林148Please respect copyright.PENANAvigbi9on2f
派入去偵察嘅斥候全部都有去冇回148Please respect copyright.PENANAJK9Oircol6
原因就係以瘧疾為首嘅各種熱帶疾病148Please respect copyright.PENANAIPLvdSRtBW
希羅多德喺佢本《歷史》所描述嘅世界148Please respect copyright.PENANARQMW1wtIAP
要留意撒哈拉沙漠以南嗰個(Æthiopes)唔係而家嗰個埃塞俄比亞148Please respect copyright.PENANATOmNbDEn7C
呢個字古希臘文解“燒燶咗塊面”148Please respect copyright.PENANAe1Qb7FV1Sh
係指撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅非洲148Please respect copyright.PENANAu8LupoKJz4
古希臘啲仆街仔諗嘢都真係幾撚地獄148Please respect copyright.PENANA9wtIz5JZZC羅馬嗰4次遠征路線圖148Please respect copyright.PENANAq1mdyFByXu
雖然最後都係探索唔到非洲內陸嘅情況148Please respect copyright.PENANAK0n3QyJHqC
不過呢幾次都為日後橫撒哈拉貿易奠定基礎148Please respect copyright.PENANANs8zrdsyic
成就出之後風光一時嘅土著貿易王國148Please respect copyright.PENANAeb3JdGv0Np一度興盛嘅橫撒哈拉貿易王國148Please respect copyright.PENANARgYwwZywRK
其中以Mansa Musa呢位一路去麥加朝聖148Please respect copyright.PENANAPn0pO0fAzJ
一路派金粒148Please respect copyright.PENANADV8rjBnvBu
派到引發沿途地區嚴重通貨膨脹嘅馬里國王最為著名148Please respect copyright.PENANApwgrBztyOz
不過呢啲財雄勢大嘅駱駝商旅148Please respect copyright.PENANAo8IRcLxVzg
最後都係畀大航海時代帶嚟嘅海洋貿易所取代
呢啲病對歐洲人嚟講係魔咒148Please respect copyright.PENANASCZKaQZ6Ud
但係對世居於呢片密林嘅黑鬼嚟講呢148Please respect copyright.PENANAO1zLkes6Wy
就係護身符喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAaz5gkPO8f3
(有興趣嘅小朋友可以搵吓地中海貧血症、蠶豆症同瘧疾嘅關係)148Please respect copyright.PENANAblUmP8ecLK
正因為咁148Please respect copyright.PENANAasgAihBE39
歐洲人對非洲內陸148Please respect copyright.PENANAdT8pHyz7SS
尤其係中非剛果盆地148Please respect copyright.PENANAAqi5nQ3juR
係一無所知148Please respect copyright.PENANAdDoK8Rv1G3
一路以嚟所有嘗試深入剛果河流域嘅探險148Please respect copyright.PENANAjL4zil3VAJ
都係以災難收場148Please respect copyright.PENANANOcQacU6Vs
好似喺1542年148Please respect copyright.PENANA9Mi2TTwqKp
第一個發現剛果河口嘅歐洲人148Please respect copyright.PENANA9eaxL06oxc
葡萄牙航海家Diogo Cão148Please respect copyright.PENANAj9bLlRlnd8
就係喺試圖探索內陸時病死喺河邊148Please respect copyright.PENANAZVuHiLLdQd
對嗰時嘅歐洲人嚟講148Please respect copyright.PENANAKAj9EZ8PHq
佔領非洲本土代價實在太大148Please respect copyright.PENANAPnieUaryTx
與其嘥人力物力喺非洲內陸建立殖民地148Please respect copyright.PENANAzWWPvCO5hN
不如同啲土著王國做貿易好過148Please respect copyright.PENANAbJohT12UKp
以葡萄牙為例148Please respect copyright.PENANAgyElwCixX9
喺見識過剛果雨林嘅殘酷同當地巴剛果王國嘅強大後148Please respect copyright.PENANAXZLyc4mSaG
葡萄牙就決定喺剛果河口南岸較為乾燥嘅草原148Please respect copyright.PENANAXyL0mcw14w
建立貿易站148Please respect copyright.PENANAtn1LL5iLfQ
以教育、宗教同鎗炮148Please respect copyright.PENANAuYvXdC64V1
嚟同呢個土著王國換取戰俘作奴隸喇148Please respect copyright.PENANArfFAUx4L5M
剛果河南岸嘅葡屬安哥拉
剛果國王阿方索一世喺1517年6月8號寫畀葡萄牙國王曼紐一世嘅信148Please respect copyright.PENANAwtBkAUJId5
向佢呢位主內弟兄請求提供教會禮儀器具148Please respect copyright.PENANANRSTkuy2eT
(以面積計剛果王國係當時世上最大嘅大公教國家)
去到近代148Please respect copyright.PENANA9xkKopXeFe
就算係船堅炮利嘅英國佬148Please respect copyright.PENANAXa7DXMHRgR
情況都唔好得幾多148Please respect copyright.PENANAQbS3PaoROx
好似喺1816年有個叫James Tuckey嘅英國海軍上校148Please respect copyright.PENANA2qA8rTGahz
組織咗隊探險隊尋找剛果河源頭148Please respect copyright.PENANAvaaOTV2nl8
結果由河口上溯唔夠100公里148Please respect copyright.PENANAERwBYgYvhi
54個隊員入面就病死咗21個148Please respect copyright.PENANAulWKTGHzE1
包括佢自己148Please respect copyright.PENANAbXtW72SPvA
所以直至19世紀中葉148Please respect copyright.PENANAzbeetvaqpu
中南非洲仍然係呢個地理大發現時代入面最大嘅迷團148Please respect copyright.PENANAgq1g3aBhe9
Tuckey上校用生命所畫嘅剛果河口地型圖
1850年非洲地圖148Please respect copyright.PENANAEQ92OgwJVt
留意番中間橙黃色個“ETHIOPIA”唔係而家嗰個148Please respect copyright.PENANA6sMa6yqGJ7
呢度借用嚟標示非洲中部呢大片未探索之地148Please respect copyright.PENANA8IuoWDxMNI
(嗰時埃塞俄比亞個英文名係Abyssinia, 由阿拉伯文翻譯過嚟)148Please respect copyright.PENANAxWcMc5NDBb
不過奎寧普及後情況就唔同晒喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAh1plruhiEm
歐洲人喺非洲嘅生存率得以大大提升148Please respect copyright.PENANAiqkoppXqzx
隨住人命成本降低148Please respect copyright.PENANAsKe0vxtHFT
探索非洲雨林嘅門檻148Please respect copyright.PENANAsDcx74VDkl
已經下降到可以接受嘅水平148Please respect copyright.PENANA4JUlkcLBz9
喺1850年代開始148Please respect copyright.PENANAztZUhHaMdb
歐美各國政府、地理學會以至私人企業148Please respect copyright.PENANAavBLgRqYmH
紛紛組織探險隊148Please respect copyright.PENANAJd9gEWpanV
務求搶先其他人一步148Please respect copyright.PENANA0EiGnnWyRB
尋找失落喺中非密林嘅嗰幾塊拼圖148Please respect copyright.PENANA5vfI53qMEm
其中最積極嘅148Please respect copyright.PENANAlX8bvIuoTo
就係正處於維多利亞時期嘅英國喇148Please respect copyright.PENANA6DMLNVRHMr當時所缺嗰幾塊拼圖148Please respect copyright.PENANASrNLccl1O0
分別係:148Please respect copyright.PENANAFQviDiXDMW
1.尼羅河源頭148Please respect copyright.PENANAvlgxc4VvpX
2.傳說中浩瀚如海嘅中非淡水湖148Please respect copyright.PENANAyIi9p64YbM
3.剛果盆地148Please respect copyright.PENANAVIcxW2iQSf
跟住落嚟嗰卅幾年148Please respect copyright.PENANAvnAC1sWIGR
喺一個阿拉伯奴隸主嘅協助下148Please respect copyright.PENANA1TamnOSnxF
憑住五個英國佬、一個斯拉夫白女奴以及無數黑奴轎夫嘅努力同犧牲148Please respect copyright.PENANAeiimVUMqGJ
掩蓋中非嘅嗰片戰爭迷霧逐漸消退148Please respect copyright.PENANAHZqnQSTFA8
《大航海時代》最終DLC《瓜分非洲》終於上線喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAngnnAmtTFX
1880年代非洲地圖148Please respect copyright.PENANAIJIJQUfYeA
對比番1850年嗰幅地圖148Please respect copyright.PENANAAjkOK1oRNj
尼羅河同剛果河流域基本上已經被探索148Please respect copyright.PENANAGr4QwfK8XQ
再唔係被標示為“ETHIOPIA”喇
呢卅幾年嘅中非探險歷史148Please respect copyright.PENANAUoRfzaLQcF
所牽涉嘅人同佢地之間嘅恩怨情仇148Please respect copyright.PENANAzBkF1RLOMk
的確相當引人入勝──148Please respect copyright.PENANAkdUs1UyxyZ
一個借探險之名研究各地性愛風俗嘅性書大亨148Please respect copyright.PENANAoL5v7fGMDG
一個因個人臆測而引發後世幾場大屠殺嘅軍佬148Please respect copyright.PENANAfD88wKNl0l
一個濟世為懷但又志大才疏嘅醫生/傳教士148Please respect copyright.PENANAO8ZXqgBwHT
一個為名利而不擇手段、甘願為惡龍做事嘅記者148Please respect copyright.PENANAr1B37nV55x
一個喺巴爾幹同鄂圖曼總督爭女嘅二世祖148Please respect copyright.PENANAc1UonfEVMV
同一個持家賢慧但又驍勇凶悍嘅白女奴148Please respect copyright.PENANAGdsl3bjaeA
仲有一個喺暗中操縱一切、憑藉探險熱潮乘勢而起但又被一切反噬嘅阿拉伯奴隸主148Please respect copyright.PENANAkV6yoG5stY
──用呢啲性格鮮明、經歷獨特嘅歷史人物寫嘅故事148Please respect copyright.PENANAFeZdbdGqX2
我諗都會相當有趣148Please respect copyright.PENANAi5VqIdNpDc
不過礙於篇幅所限148Please respect copyright.PENANAOxtOeCvvR6
我就唔喺度一一展開喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAi6HPCVTJKn
(除咗講盧旺達大屠殺嗰陣會提一提嗰個性書大亨同個軍佬)148Please respect copyright.PENANA4qP4wzhaYG
可能或者有機會第日得閒開多篇嚟講吓啦吓
喺講啲列強點樣喺非洲玩到high翻天之前148Please respect copyright.PENANA2P75V6ngag
首先要講講佢地瓜分非洲嘅誘因148Please respect copyright.PENANAj5Kg0BMeeJ
一切要由一場股災講起148Please respect copyright.PENANAPFnUoq2wvF
而家就睇吓呢日發生咗啲咩事148Please respect copyright.PENANA7DhjsZbKEe
搞到丁生咁好興致一家人齊齊整整上天台睇日落148Please respect copyright.PENANAtxqSrrhjrS
1873年5月9號星期五朝早148Please respect copyright.PENANACuLP36Jfqo
維也納有個叫Adolf Petschek嘅猶太佬148Please respect copyright.PENANAfvA5MEgkFS
向法院申請將佢間公司破產148Please respect copyright.PENANA3qr4bxNi1G
呢條友並唔係普通嘅阿茂阿壽148Please respect copyright.PENANApryTklctsc
佢檔嘢係當時奧匈帝國以至整個中歐最大嘅證券商148Please respect copyright.PENANAoPZmdJerwt
一間咁有影響力嘅企業破產148Please respect copyright.PENANAmK1mnchsey
必然會引起市場動盪148Please respect copyright.PENANAV3hrclDHIk
於是維也納交易所決定暫時休市148Please respect copyright.PENANAiUlOkAXTuP
咁就仆街喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAThd8s8pSlC
喺嗰個資訊唔流通嘅年代148Please respect copyright.PENANAWwbXAxBGW9
停市嘅原因係冇辦法即時通知市場上所有參與者148Please respect copyright.PENANASnOlZDwZRZ
一時間謠言滿天飛148Please respect copyright.PENANAFWmKQv8M0L
人喺恐慌下148Please respect copyright.PENANAuT9mNHb63d
最正路嘅做法148Please respect copyright.PENANAIKgPsFW0N2
就係一有機會就攞cash旁身148Please respect copyright.PENANAaxm88BHDKH
所以當中午一復市時148Please respect copyright.PENANAe0xpXa63GL
所有人都湧去交易所148Please respect copyright.PENANAOKw1Kt1OhZ
務求以最快速度賣晒啲股票套現148Please respect copyright.PENANAR6qTu4LixZ
同時冇買股票又聽到消息嘅人148Please respect copyright.PENANA5CxiO1ymdA
都湧去銀行提走所有現金做成擠提148Please respect copyright.PENANAx08yiNiV5H
一時間市場所有流動性枯竭148Please respect copyright.PENANA8TBkLoJx5k
結果就連本身同Adolf間公司冇乜啦㨢嘅銀行同企業148Please respect copyright.PENANADPvzlyWLEV
都因為資不抵債而債務違約148Please respect copyright.PENANAxxCR5CrNWd
維也納交易所喺前一日都仲有141間銀行掛牌148Please respect copyright.PENANAdK9BruUm27
到咗呢日下晝1點提早收市時148Please respect copyright.PENANAt7urIxTunX
就只剩低廿間左右148Please respect copyright.PENANAsx5EJYXHvE
整體市值直接斬半148Please respect copyright.PENANAkrVldFCiGD
維也納股票市場喺呢日全面崩潰148Please respect copyright.PENANA5GkvcIHFwx
而向隅者只好喺已經閂咗門嘅交易所前同警察跳番part舞啦148Please respect copyright.PENANAV9HMcnd3BG
可能你會諗“崩潰我有經驗~輸清光我未發癲”148Please respect copyright.PENANAQW9Ge0aMk1
股災又有咩好怕喎希望在明天吖嘛148Please respect copyright.PENANAJPrZezcMYq
係嘅148Please respect copyright.PENANAC8PGVOrMSq
呢啲金融風暴、金融海嘯真係同上帝一樣自有永有148Please respect copyright.PENANAPryGGqp1Op
咩鬱金香狂熱呀南海公司泡沫呀密西西比事件呀咁148Please respect copyright.PENANAiBQokG2xxJ
啲泡沫吹爆完一個後148Please respect copyright.PENANACD7V8R0bLn
隔一輪又吹脹另一個148Please respect copyright.PENANAw7CEXZUNCD
就算喺嗰個年代都已經唔係啲咩稀奇嘅事148Please respect copyright.PENANAhJhtHzgHuQ
不過今次有啲唔同148Please respect copyright.PENANAlbqM23FdFj
隨住電報嘅普及148Please respect copyright.PENANABgZarOKhrt
唔同國家資本市場嘅距離變得越嚟越近148Please respect copyright.PENANAqHzGdeQwkm
而家就睇吓全球化148Please respect copyright.PENANA0t44vxwklE
係點樣令呢次喺中歐嘅股災148Please respect copyright.PENANACec5CLhOIO
演變成整個歐美世界嘅經濟災難148Please respect copyright.PENANAYGAk4BVtKM首先講吓個時代背景先148Please respect copyright.PENANApClgBWXYlf
嗰時正值普法戰爭後德意志帝國建國初期148Please respect copyright.PENANA2NcoXre2L3
法國因為法蘭克福條約而要賠款50億法朗畀德國148Please respect copyright.PENANAxGAkXvqXib
德國政府就用呢啲錢嚟贖回之前發行嘅戰爭債券148Please respect copyright.PENANAhTNoEC2Qsd
咁導致大量熱錢流入德國金融體系148Please respect copyright.PENANAEhIXsmZVEL
本身債券持有者急需為呢啲資金搵出路148Please respect copyright.PENANAE2Ngw4ZN3a
德國隔離嘅奧匈帝國睇中呢點148Please respect copyright.PENANA5sEJpncoGf
就大幅放寬金融市場嘅監管148Please respect copyright.PENANAMxMjYw6SMO
於是各色各樣嘅金融公司就如雨後春筍148Please respect copyright.PENANAHpbjQlAzlt
以各種名目去發行股票同債券集資148Please respect copyright.PENANANTQCNiU4HR
好似投資匈牙利嘅小麥農場呀148Please respect copyright.PENANAHXeC0uFz7f
或者連接維也納至布達佩斯嘅鐵路呀148Please respect copyright.PENANAn018Wjva9M
甚至係啲只存在喺紙上嘅地產項目呀咁148Please respect copyright.PENANAPNZJQzSnqn
咁好似上面咁講148Please respect copyright.PENANAkisT2ttAUH
資本世界入面嘅國界148Please respect copyright.PENANAUOmKYDFIX8
隨住通訊技術嘅改進而變得越嚟越模糊148Please respect copyright.PENANAmkA2pfD08S
作為當時生產力最強、資本最充裕嘅英國佬148Please respect copyright.PENANA7bInkQ4k41
當然就唔會執輸叉隻腳埋嚟啦148Please respect copyright.PENANAbFZ5kt2Bj4
喺呢啲熱錢嘅炒作吓148Please respect copyright.PENANAjSrNrrClsi
維也納股市暴漲148Please respect copyright.PENANAXreVJFk7id
喺1873年148Please respect copyright.PENANAD6THP9fHsC
呢個吹波波遊戲終於到達高潮喇
喺呢年維也納舉辦世界博覽會148Please respect copyright.PENANA1NK8u7Isiu
作為皇帝法蘭茲約瑟夫一世登基25周年148Please respect copyright.PENANAwBlWspyI8F
兼向世界展現奧匈已經喺奧普戰爭戰敗中復原嘅慶祝活動148Please respect copyright.PENANASOmE0Z35xG
呢次全球矚目嘅盛事可謂不容有失148Please respect copyright.PENANAecVwJknIfu
自1870年贏得主辦權後148Please respect copyright.PENANAtjg9EyPF4p
維也納到處都大興土木148Please respect copyright.PENANA7odaDjAhdd
地產項目變得相當興盛148Please respect copyright.PENANAUOpn34Qket
啲熱錢梗係唔會放過咁好嘅炒作理由啦148Please respect copyright.PENANAkQ1JkuJ2vO
更多嘅資本引致更高嘅升幅148Please respect copyright.PENANAmUvftlrI93
而更高嘅升幅就吸引更多嘅資本148Please respect copyright.PENANARfAbg99CIL
喺1873年頭到開幕前呢4個月間148Please respect copyright.PENANA7hpYIWvrSJ
維也納股市升咗一倍148Please respect copyright.PENANAYDQCHa2ID0
啲奧地利佬就嚟可以喺博覽會上表演左腳踏右腳上太空喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAM4RYBbtFtU
1873年維也納世博主場館Rotunda148Please respect copyright.PENANA51tClU0cw6
就咁睇相都覺得相當宏偉148Please respect copyright.PENANAa7e5fdH3LD不過可惜喺1937年一場大火中燒毀吖148Please respect copyright.PENANA8niUyGxk7S
唔係嘅話而家應該係遊客必到嘅景點
當然最後佢地冇上到太空啦148Please respect copyright.PENANAXops4850OF
仲拖埋全世界落地獄㖭148Please respect copyright.PENANASsZca00owl
喺5月1號籌備已久嘅世界博覽會開幕148Please respect copyright.PENANAIUriyHEv66
奧皇到場發表演說兼攞威148Please respect copyright.PENANAL72bydv7xr
不過喺同一時間148Please respect copyright.PENANA5RG63jozk1
當時奧匈最大嘅銀行奧地利信貸突然將股票戶口清空148Please respect copyright.PENANA3CzfKw5Dyf
因為佢地判斷當世博開幕嘅一刻148Please respect copyright.PENANAKUo2XOnIFH
就係音樂停止嘅時候喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAYFgKoH7sD6
而家睇番呢個根本係自我實現嘅預言148Please respect copyright.PENANA6I4RA0vvCa
因為咁做就會即時抽緊啲證券商嘅銀根148Please respect copyright.PENANApozU9drJq4
作為最大嘅證券商148Please respect copyright.PENANAJhnbbsJY5l
Adolf喺玩咗幾日兩個蓋冚十個煲後148Please respect copyright.PENANAmR61lASxT5
終於頂唔順爆煲148Please respect copyright.PENANAuO5cMSjWTT
同時以英國資本為首嘅國際大孖沙148Please respect copyright.PENANA5Oc2PAzdIM
都畀呢次突如其來嘅股災殺個措手不及損手爛腳148Please respect copyright.PENANAshARsQE4UD
為防自身資金鏈斷裂148Please respect copyright.PENANAaE7TM4Fe7b
佢地都開始喺歐美各主要市場減持甚至清倉148Please respect copyright.PENANA26wgflsJXT
以增加自己嘅頭寸148Please respect copyright.PENANAc9Z5zgHesC
咁導致各大資本市場嘅銀根進一步收縮148Please respect copyright.PENANAgQ59cWpRfi
股價暴跌銀行擠提企業破產148Please respect copyright.PENANA6KiL6b50Mv
就好似骨牌一樣148Please respect copyright.PENANA6z99seUQwD
以維也納為中心向全球擴散148Please respect copyright.PENANAn6C8QMW6Ea
法蘭克福、巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦……148Please respect copyright.PENANAARzxgo3s6P
各地股市債市相繼崩潰148Please respect copyright.PENANAqlsF2OR9wQ
甚至遠至紐約都受到波及148Please respect copyright.PENANAxF3CUSR6gi9月18號美國最大嘅鐵路融資銀行Jay Cooke & Co148Please respect copyright.PENANAXZu6qDRffM
因為冇晒歐洲買家買佢啲債券148Please respect copyright.PENANAN2oV7PzssT
還唔到一筆政府借貸而債務違約清盤148Please respect copyright.PENANAfr18Lferdw
啲人見到咁大間銀行都搞唔掂148Please respect copyright.PENANAF0DWZ4z0hq
都紛紛湧去各銀行提走所有錢148Please respect copyright.PENANA6ODYAuBosM
兩日內有廿間銀行接連因擠提而破產148Please respect copyright.PENANAAfHcoLcirS
紐約交易所喺20號破天荒宣布停市10日148Please respect copyright.PENANArjui6UzjiZ
咁自然就帶嚟更大嘅恐慌更嚴重嘅擠提啦148Please respect copyright.PENANAnmew5YocME
喺跟住嗰一年148Please respect copyright.PENANAq8N2X7jbvn
呢啲金融機構清盤所引發嘅連鎖反應148Please respect copyright.PENANABwPO1KstUE
令全美國超過100間銀行同鐵路企業倒閉...148Please respect copyright.PENANA3vL3Eg1fJZ
…相信經歷過2008年金融海嘯嘅小朋友148Please respect copyright.PENANAanOdPuQpOj
都會覺得有啲似曾相識148Please respect copyright.PENANAEiyuXRqzGb
冇錯148Please respect copyright.PENANATSefOds5dY
呢次被後世史學家稱為“1873年恐慌 ”嘅經濟災難148Please respect copyright.PENANAehbbuR538x
就係人類史上第一次因個別企業爆煲而引發嘅全球流動性危機148Please respect copyright.PENANAaPlRCJEVw3
1873年5月9號朝早148Please respect copyright.PENANAyXF2lYir9b
就係嗰個年代嘅「雷曼時刻」喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAXOisKx7mEP
咁啱得咁橋148Please respect copyright.PENANASJygGwveVN
呢對猶太兄弟同佢地個阿哥所創立嗰間雜貨舖兼投資銀行148Please respect copyright.PENANAGXwXd7bAF8
喺呢次災難前察覺到鐵路同房地產市場嘅泡沫148Please respect copyright.PENANA25OVfVUv97
而專注做番農業融資得以避過一劫之餘148Please respect copyright.PENANAiekZeY5Xxo
再踩住佢啲同行條屍壯大148Please respect copyright.PENANAYZSMDoCSh3
有咁嘅市場觸覺148Please respect copyright.PENANAOWDoCLYLxk
他朝必定可以叱吒風雲主宰全球金融148Please respect copyright.PENANAwVBesoA9Wb…吖一時唔醒起佢地姓安信定華納定咩㖭
呢次災難嘅後遺症有好多148Please respect copyright.PENANAqe0xqr01Tw
例如因為銀根緊繃息率急升148Please respect copyright.PENANAKp9Afv9FHi
令各行各業借貸成本暴漲148Please respect copyright.PENANABWc2oqMRo8
從而令大量民生企業倒閉失業率飆升148Please respect copyright.PENANA94tgyRSabq
引發歐美地區長達廿年嘅「長期蕭條」148Please respect copyright.PENANAvR8NnDqlQn
(本來1873年呢次係叫「大蕭條」嘅直至畀1929年嗰次搶咗個名)又例如猶太人被德語報章描繪成貪婪嘅吸血鬼148Please respect copyright.PENANAJyQmtNUOno
利用各種虛假嘅投資項目同高利貸148Please respect copyright.PENANAays81Qs9sD
榨取勤勞善良嘅工人辛苦勞動得嚟嘅血汗錢148Please respect copyright.PENANAXYBOowzaWs
從而引發德語地區新一輪嘅反猶太運動148Please respect copyright.PENANAmlm9dGWFhp
為日後希哥嘅「最終解決方案」奠定基礎等等148Please respect copyright.PENANAnXMnqtEZFs不過呢啲都唔係今集要講嘅嘢148Please respect copyright.PENANAoRuKtnYM13
呢度我想講講呢次流動性危機148Please respect copyright.PENANAr0lKiB50PD
係點樣誘使歐洲人去瓜分非洲
要知道喺嗰個金/銀本位嘅年代148Please respect copyright.PENANAWO2YkuTx8O
錢唔係話憑一句“In aircraft carrier god we trust”就印到出嚟148Please respect copyright.PENANAOvUQhA0EZK
而一個國家有幾多錢148Please respect copyright.PENANAjs7gHoF5DD
就視乎佢嘅貿易順差有幾大喇148Please respect copyright.PENANA2sJJrMWglR
最完美嘅情況148Please respect copyright.PENANAmeGr7bAM5M
就係你有足夠多足夠平嘅商品之餘148Please respect copyright.PENANAKAvO9W0dS5
同時又冇需要進口其他國家嘅產品148Please respect copyright.PENANArzbaD8uMNw
當時英國呢個日不落帝國148Please respect copyright.PENANACXpt0ySfqi
就相當接近呢個情況喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAJzDSfEyjlE
喺漫長而又和平嘅19世紀148Please respect copyright.PENANA0K1LXpXOja
英國憑藉強大嘅工業力量148Please respect copyright.PENANAMJJxOHwHSg
支撐住絕對優勢嘅海軍148Please respect copyright.PENANAYESXKvzJd0
喺世界各地建立起一個又一個嘅殖民地148Please respect copyright.PENANAXO9rb0oSD7
再由呢啲殖民地獲取各種廉價嘅工業原材料148Please respect copyright.PENANAnZRBzKpJBi
令自己嘅產品喺世界市場上得到無可比擬嘅成本優勢148Please respect copyright.PENANAcoxNtSZMOB
賺取更多嘅外匯148Please respect copyright.PENANAmBl6uH7IU3
從而建造更多更強嘅戰艦去霸佔更多嘅殖民地148Please respect copyright.PENANA4C9tTVouIO
形成牢不可破嘅正循環148Please respect copyright.PENANA3GgChEvMkn
簡單嚟講148Please respect copyright.PENANA4WJ1j7hpe9
重商主義嘅精粹148Please respect copyright.PENANAUM3ca8OcmI
就係要獲取比對手多嘅資源(aka殖民地)喇148Please respect copyright.PENANA2g1tM6pnC4
1870年嘅日不落帝國
重商主義
嗰時嘅英國就好似而家嘅美國一樣148Please respect copyright.PENANA34OxAx7sKN
都係全球資本市場最主要嘅資金來源148Please respect copyright.PENANA2OylWLpqcU
所以當維也納股災引致英國收水時148Please respect copyright.PENANAiOLEvg1vio
全世界資本市場即時缺血148Please respect copyright.PENANAbwgLwTK6W0
各國即時反應就梗係止血啦148Please respect copyright.PENANAoZb3NN3m2a
要止血最直接就加係關稅148Please respect copyright.PENANApJIPyZOmC0
保護主義相繼喺各國抬頭148Please respect copyright.PENANAs7qV5Odl8z
不過對啲冇乜資源嘅國家嚟講148Please respect copyright.PENANAUfxIlk354R
短期止到血啫148Please respect copyright.PENANABiXo4rTkDl
長期嘅話一樣營養不良148Please respect copyright.PENANAh79uKXvH9n
因為你加得關稅148Please respect copyright.PENANAZUPeWIzHON
人地一樣加得148Please respect copyright.PENANAp9W6yEBZym
你要入口工業生產所欠缺嘅原材料148Please respect copyright.PENANAoHfaAJPdLF
所繳交嘅關稅最終都會反映喺價格上148Please respect copyright.PENANASoTFNK53ft
真係賺幾多都會畀人地啲關稅食晒148Please respect copyright.PENANA96nwq0xqSA
所以最根本解決流動性危機嘅方法148Please respect copyright.PENANAsFs37RtVns
就係奪取更加多嘅殖民地148Please respect copyright.PENANA1lFoCEsQ5R
而喺嗰時148Please respect copyright.PENANA6xLkgvfPIW
全球仲未畀歐洲勢力劃分嘅地方148Please respect copyright.PENANAd6v8Z7EFsH
就只有非洲內陸、太平洋啲山旮旯島嶼同南極洲148Please respect copyright.PENANA4uISrO1Ut5
加上自1850年代以嚟嘅尼羅河溯源之旅148Please respect copyright.PENANAE03Gr8eryw
已經證實咗喺奎寧同格靈鎗嘅幫助下148Please respect copyright.PENANAi4JV4Fedo1
歐洲人係可以征服非洲最可怕嘅密林同土著王國148Please respect copyright.PENANAZewxEHAXOm
喺呢個前提之下148Please respect copyright.PENANAvlPNKbfHuN
《瓜分非洲》呢隻DLC就變得相當吸引148Please respect copyright.PENANARgOvZYKjbf
於是各個舊玩家好似西班牙、葡萄牙、英國、法國148Please respect copyright.PENANACvRoRuMNtj
以及新玩家好似德國、意大利同某個豆腐膶咁細嘅低地國國王148Please respect copyright.PENANAwmj9gU2dhM
都紛紛組織探險隊同遠征軍148Please respect copyright.PENANAFWM7mxDS54
務求快過對手一步148Please respect copyright.PENANA1eFEvUJl8h
奪取更多嘅殖民地148Please respect copyright.PENANAxgUKrFKNYk
以喺呢個現代經濟模式中佔到先機148Please respect copyright.PENANAD62X69C4RA面對有足夠健康嘅士兵同格靈機鎗148Please respect copyright.PENANA2Tkr1DdUqR
無論係南非草原嘅祖魯戰士148Please respect copyright.PENANAxbBgMWJrvL
抑或係西非黃金海岸密林嘅阿散蒂叛軍148Please respect copyright.PENANAdI9jAblj8U
都喺一陣陣“突突突”聲中化成碎片148Please respect copyright.PENANAYfLXpuYBLr
1876年非洲嘅殖民地148Please respect copyright.PENANATS3srKK8ah
可以見到除咗法國喺北非嘅阿爾及利亞148Please respect copyright.PENANAVaFeo62Hci
西非嘅塞內加爾148Please respect copyright.PENANANhDb9WnLyP
英國喺南非嘅開普殖民地148Please respect copyright.PENANAKvMQhUvym6
以及葡萄牙嗰喺東非同西非嗰兩撻有名無實嘅殖民地外148Please respect copyright.PENANAvBwb5COefW
其他嘅都係細到不值一提148Please respect copyright.PENANAwfn0UJ9vJf
所有殖民地加埋都只有大約十份之一個非洲148Please respect copyright.PENANA3VdHvjmYNK
相對於同時期歐洲人已經全佔美洲同澳洲148Please respect copyright.PENANA3IBWCVynkD
亞洲亦都有一半以上嘅勢力落入歐洲人手中148Please respect copyright.PENANAgV5EdyR77e
殖民非洲的確係緩慢好多148Please respect copyright.PENANAQSHuf2lTI6
不過情況將會好快改變⋯⋯
148Please respect copyright.PENANAnYlQyc5g9n
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會留意到148Please respect copyright.PENANAiMa1JVY5F5
今次金融災難明明美國佬都舐晒嘢㗎喎148Please respect copyright.PENANAPPLmuXs79v
點解後來佢地又冇玩《瓜分非洲》呢148Please respect copyright.PENANAto2DD75WDG
(除咗喺西非嗰撻自由黑鬼放養地148Please respect copyright.PENANANHIAgcqCxc
之後都會講講關於呢班源自非洲嘅外來物種有趣嘅故事)148Please respect copyright.PENANAW7fLQzNYfF
呢樣正正就係美國之所以為「天選之國」嘅原因喇148Please respect copyright.PENANALm1lWjhMoC
美洲係好柒大好多資源嘅148Please respect copyright.PENANAr8XqcO8LzU
地理上亦都離歐亞大陸好遠148Please respect copyright.PENANA9BRQ9HHRk4
與其山長水遠走去非洲同舊世界班老屎忽爭餅食148Please respect copyright.PENANACikn9Gcg78
不如留番喺度開發好過148Please respect copyright.PENANAhI0dgDzkEf
所以美國立國以嚟個發展方向都係向西148Please respect copyright.PENANAQIPSlyQsLU
由大西洋一路去到太平洋148Please respect copyright.PENANASWk3jFAHDf
再將太平洋變成自己個私家泳池148Please respect copyright.PENANA6rURs2Gqzb
成就出新一代舉世無雙嘅海洋霸權148Please respect copyright.PENANAnBrA8Lr7oK
呢啲就係美國自我實現嘅「昭昭天命」(Manifest Destiny)喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAPdBhAKT0MT
哥倫比亞女神右手攞住科學左手拉起電報線148Please respect copyright.PENANAQY4IkuApSL
引領拓荒者將光明由東邊帶往西部148Please respect copyright.PENANALGSuarirOb
留意番幅圖左邊啲印第安人係走住屌嘅
不過玩咗幾年啲列強就開始覺得有啲唔對路喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAvGU4zoj553
係呀面對啲揸住長矛牛皮盾嘅黑鬼148Please respect copyright.PENANAW6RqaeZ2jo
梗係冇問題啦148Please respect copyright.PENANAfc0T5mdN6F
不過玩到咁上緊148Please respect copyright.PENANAEXPwhWcYpI
實會同其他玩家嘅領地有交接㗎喎148Please respect copyright.PENANAfBo3YFLAVS
嗰度山長水遠到時有咩爭拗衝突都幾麻煩148Please respect copyright.PENANAM407pyQVEU
究竟點樣先為之有效佔領擁有咗某個地方呢?148Please respect copyright.PENANAk3n7WhDTR6
領地內嘅河流係咪可以獨家使用定要同隔離分享呢?148Please respect copyright.PENANA2LcxRuqLVl
呢啲問題隨住剛果盆地嘅爭議而浮上枱面148Please respect copyright.PENANAYI9z9qJBF5
──1880年法國探險家皮耶・布拉柴搶先一步喺剛果河北岸建立布拉柴維爾148Please respect copyright.PENANA2Iq5FAUzbK
當時比利時國王利奧波德二世隻馬仔亨利・史坦利見到唔對路148Please respect copyright.PENANAeotg0Nba7h
就嗱嗱臨喺對岸起咗個以佢老細嚟命名嘅哨站仔(利奧波德維爾,即係而家嘅金沙薩)148Please respect copyright.PENANAr5JGGDlkyV
以阻止法國佬南下148Please respect copyright.PENANAMgfeusijLU
由此引發咗一連串嘅領土同航行權爭議148Please respect copyright.PENANAz5sBvhg7pU
世上相距最近嘅首都(唔計羅馬同梵蒂岡)148Please respect copyright.PENANAohhY1haWat
直線距離唔夠3公里148Please respect copyright.PENANAT5XQ966oA5
不過最意想不到嘅148Please respect copyright.PENANA9Zgardmn8j
係竟然有飛機航班來往呢兩個城市148Please respect copyright.PENANA7oFTfof4jK
全程唔使5分鐘
歐洲佬對呢啲殖民地領土爭議並唔陌生148Please respect copyright.PENANAzMRKTFOj4H
其實免得過嘅話佢地都唔想為呢啲殖民地打仗148Please respect copyright.PENANA6D256G78Wo
好似西班牙同葡萄牙簽署嘅《托爾德西里亞斯條約》同《薩拉戈薩條約》148Please respect copyright.PENANAO7IxsOBDa0
就令呢兩個世仇唔使為爭奪全球嘅殖民地而大動干戈148Please respect copyright.PENANA8gHwyTSkGx不過今次咁多玩家一齊喺同一個地方玩嘅話148Please respect copyright.PENANAX6Bg51ztWf
所牽涉利益嘅複雜性148Please respect copyright.PENANALqUz1R0JEh
就唔係呢啲雙邊條約可以處理到喇148Please respect copyright.PENANAigbEg1IjVV
佢地急需坐埋一齊研究吓148Please respect copyright.PENANAhVhZ5ygkQL
呢隻《瓜分非洲》148Please respect copyright.PENANAgyo4SO1Onq
究竟要有啲咩遊戲規則...148Please respect copyright.PENANAVcwsqKHH2t
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAWjO61Oyzae
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAoPkSgO5fwK
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAPCbhFjoAb6
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAG9YUb2sblN
.148Please respect copyright.PENANADX46SxYZE4
.148Please respect copyright.PENANA9SnGS8vwsn
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAz8xkoD6pQX
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAzg5wI3UT25
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAiMEgzf7VoD
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAgjliTFwnT5
.148Please respect copyright.PENANArcLSdduwDt
.148Please respect copyright.PENANARI2pjrba3h
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAqhzanmTtYz
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAii4W3cIWIl
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAQmLrLaCeGl
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAhLZ3xEHDe4
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAWrxPb2VETp
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAvcF1rPl8BO
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAQlfn9AeWKn
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAsCg4w8GcyT
.148Please respect copyright.PENANANREZrJ413x
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAbuPI5HYO4d
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAasYaMgWGnq
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAq3GGEs7E13
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAbuuPI0oKsg
.148Please respect copyright.PENANA0NoGbLd8ub
.148Please respect copyright.PENANA4pO0KIKpHT
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAIKCBR1c4n6
.148Please respect copyright.PENANAjYDl64W2UR
.148Please respect copyright.PENANApnKUly1DGI
148Please respect copyright.PENANAFgguoBltBI
…唔使咁急喎148Please respect copyright.PENANAg4yWyXqaBX
食埋件餅先慢慢傾啦148Please respect copyright.PENANA7PuwA73MK6下一集《柏林盛宴》148Please respect copyright.PENANAwyBUxUU9gD
就會講吓呢個喺後世惡名昭彰嘅柏林會議148Please respect copyright.PENANARTlAq4a31V
當中嘅來龍去脈喇