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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網256Please respect copyright.PENANAbMrTdKjoXF
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀256Please respect copyright.PENANAx30pFlppCQ
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日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力256Please respect copyright.PENANAMNrPZYunD0
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吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多256Please respect copyright.PENANAmTpCcuT0T7
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易256Please respect copyright.PENANAvUynip1f7z
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水256Please respect copyright.PENANAhRfv9sebs8
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前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年256Please respect copyright.PENANAHmd2Vw18Em
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對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講256Please respect copyright.PENANA6HZe69ifbN
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉256Please respect copyright.PENANAp2nlIF3e6b
就算食到都消化不良啦256Please respect copyright.PENANAcknSKOViQ9
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站256Please respect copyright.PENANAeJLDSc09MD
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向256Please respect copyright.PENANAqTx8s1HCbD
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞256Please respect copyright.PENANAPZW0jQJOGM
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非洲
當初搞咁多嘢256Please respect copyright.PENANAy0U3ZvKPqn
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美洲有耕地256Please respect copyright.PENANAGVWM0wfYYZ
非洲有人力256Please respect copyright.PENANAYs1cuK8lzd
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦256Please respect copyright.PENANARN30Rkud9A
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢256Please respect copyright.PENANAJNdF0Xx4U9
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼256Please respect copyright.PENANAQ297IgN9Gq
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢256Please respect copyright.PENANAB8IIhs0bkb
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國256Please respect copyright.PENANAsE62Q5AroB
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦256Please respect copyright.PENANAypWsd9vV1a
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行256Please respect copyright.PENANAlLj0nd7tQI
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣256Please respect copyright.PENANAq4y1oGe1LH
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由此激發各國投入人力物力256Please respect copyright.PENANA7bCtWMi35r
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器256Please respect copyright.PENANAC3jza3GxvN
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船256Please respect copyright.PENANAbVjIEXpJ7t
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易256Please respect copyright.PENANAnUx9kjRIQx
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲256Please respect copyright.PENANA7GyqxvIe2C為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度256Please respect copyright.PENANAITVPh2tVBx
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乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?256Please respect copyright.PENANAsG3xf1TbJL
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒256Please respect copyright.PENANAemYrrgZNE8
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀256Please respect copyright.PENANA7uWJFac5JE
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而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉256Please respect copyright.PENANAu05Q1zEcet
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議256Please respect copyright.PENANAdRQSsy0WsN
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖256Please respect copyright.PENANAmsQsS7VnYN
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就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控256Please respect copyright.PENANAA9SHUte983
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營256Please respect copyright.PENANAG6TjBdTtPK
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤256Please respect copyright.PENANA15TRmgVZTF
有時仲會大打出手256Please respect copyright.PENANAbAZk5FGq3j
好似1605年3月嗰次256Please respect copyright.PENANAeR4p5J7fGR
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨256Please respect copyright.PENANA5xqBuqdoSQ
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈256Please respect copyright.PENANAZ7WOxHpRs5
不過呢個唔係今集重點256Please respect copyright.PENANAgWGKGC5LNl
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我直接講個結果:256Please respect copyright.PENANAPXsilaO3GY
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗256Please respect copyright.PENANAulUEvizWd8
法號伍朋八世256Please respect copyright.PENANATfT2WUJkxp
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員256Please respect copyright.PENANAUKY5FjvWrM
…256Please respect copyright.PENANAHTLZRhvH2r
..256Please respect copyright.PENANAb7htyotsWf
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???256Please respect copyright.PENANACV4Bg3KvKb
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦256Please respect copyright.PENANA8pNQmfmbos
佢地其實係病死嘅256Please respect copyright.PENANAP1Yxfmc0Jy
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"256Please respect copyright.PENANAHgYsMTiIgt
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇256Please respect copyright.PENANA5adNDWdqNL
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播256Please respect copyright.PENANAYniCyjJfX9
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時256Please respect copyright.PENANAs0iJ2guecn
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係會令人發燒同病死256Please respect copyright.PENANAOoVWGvgiKv
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾256Please respect copyright.PENANAL9F7aaDh5A
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後256Please respect copyright.PENANAxsBEi07IHG
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘256Please respect copyright.PENANACMytwzJIcl
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體256Please respect copyright.PENANAOFGSy2tTkQ
帶返去羅馬本土喇256Please respect copyright.PENANAgvp88bkVxg
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶256Please respect copyright.PENANAmW09dt95Or
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖256Please respect copyright.PENANASQwvsHtVSa
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地256Please respect copyright.PENANAfl0qk8AEin
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣256Please respect copyright.PENANA1aV9QN9iO6
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時256Please respect copyright.PENANAaBhCzh3sll
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命256Please respect copyright.PENANAnc1VMala45
額我略十五世唔遲唔早256Please respect copyright.PENANAAwFDvav9lq
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋256Please respect copyright.PENANACNr0StIQTH
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇256Please respect copyright.PENANAVNzXNZ0XBO
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世256Please respect copyright.PENANABd03Yj8XHt
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召256Please respect copyright.PENANAaGwnDIXgCe
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦256Please respect copyright.PENANAWSWxltOJWD
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病256Please respect copyright.PENANAM5FGXf33z7
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史256Please respect copyright.PENANATiaGxlfNFh
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦256Please respect copyright.PENANArb5SS68iTW
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾256Please respect copyright.PENANA4vlUvtAGcd
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法256Please respect copyright.PENANAuy2skDPGqQ
真係唔醫好過醫256Please respect copyright.PENANAs8o3l6L7qP
不過喺呢個大航海時代256Please respect copyright.PENANAzHCPPm16Xu
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢256Please respect copyright.PENANANV2TVnsuZc
16世紀起256Please respect copyright.PENANArLfAG08CTc
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊256Please respect copyright.PENANAFv7dDgzzvD
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲256Please respect copyright.PENANAesjcswxNkB
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛256Please respect copyright.PENANAHCCAsGFOpj
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人256Please respect copyright.PENANApTUcbAss9S
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣256Please respect copyright.PENANA8povqTswgA
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目256Please respect copyright.PENANAKvIcQnLWHR
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材256Please respect copyright.PENANAvhkUAkTPX1
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英256Please respect copyright.PENANAVvkmPeGQCU
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落256Please respect copyright.PENANAqXb5SJFZBW
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦256Please respect copyright.PENANA0mz7VNJSWB
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情256Please respect copyright.PENANAAYSTNw0n0z
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....256Please respect copyright.PENANAfYoKZFxeeH
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸256Please respect copyright.PENANAT5fTM0wdnX
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呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置256Please respect copyright.PENANAV5by5YRdnG
呢個故事嘅主要成份256Please respect copyright.PENANAxBe8JXU0wA
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初256Please respect copyright.PENANA764AkNvHfS
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬256Please respect copyright.PENANA1lzKPlzTPW
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後256Please respect copyright.PENANAL3M2a80Osd
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵256Please respect copyright.PENANAAtQP8lgxKx
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉256Please respect copyright.PENANACMdQTR4J5J
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病256Please respect copyright.PENANAwEgUAIm9FF
服從性有幾高可想而知256Please respect copyright.PENANAY5ASTG765b
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫256Please respect copyright.PENANAdMtwU5rKyM
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話256Please respect copyright.PENANAw6eR8SLNtk
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講256Please respect copyright.PENANAYexixSk79y
無疑係甘上加甘256Please respect copyright.PENANAsntA3b8Efk
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢256Please respect copyright.PENANA4yEFlhvcTK
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000256Please respect copyright.PENANAfp3LmCtFaO
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度256Please respect copyright.PENANAeMg5wGvJCU
錢就使咗效果又冇256Please respect copyright.PENANAPELYL4iOXq
咁點搞?256Please respect copyright.PENANAZnwRGVcuji
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”256Please respect copyright.PENANAo4H48jey9d
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案256Please respect copyright.PENANAk9hRwxJLma
作為糖嘅發源地256Please respect copyright.PENANAQtFZKBWxZP
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像256Please respect copyright.PENANAYDJvTbPs8P
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右256Please respect copyright.PENANAJjiFTGpqOf
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官256Please respect copyright.PENANACpxPg25Hqu
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:256Please respect copyright.PENANAaQCvujKVvw
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧256Please respect copyright.PENANAniY126wr5r
溶入高濃度糖水256Please respect copyright.PENANArx9jp2Tcol
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮256Please respect copyright.PENANA3VPfZejc44
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿256Please respect copyright.PENANAwDCc2cvnCF
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度256Please respect copyright.PENANAWNR0QT6JXT
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇256Please respect copyright.PENANA8yIpVklH62
啲軍官再進一步256Please respect copyright.PENANAz4Iv3ctb2E
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒256Please respect copyright.PENANAn7E9VzgSid
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
256Please respect copyright.PENANApRuQnFP6iX
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆256Please respect copyright.PENANA9L4GPnwmGc
法國人曾經試過用紅酒256Please respect copyright.PENANA8RfItGRb2P
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪256Please respect copyright.PENANAmO3qb6Huwm
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水256Please respect copyright.PENANA3Bx3onaCis
味道完全唔融和256Please respect copyright.PENANAWbXEuC58YT
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味256Please respect copyright.PENANAYuBXIsojN1
後來研究發現256Please respect copyright.PENANAJhcmXhlnmU
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份256Please respect copyright.PENANAXlo4ReHjlY
同奎寧結合成聚合體256Please respect copyright.PENANAW1dOxmu9hb
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道256Please respect copyright.PENANAF1bHm9WKis
呢個偶然嘅發現256Please respect copyright.PENANA5UuvX5NxkR
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎256Please respect copyright.PENANA0nnVAFGF0m
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵256Please respect copyright.PENANA863rO4R8d4
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧256Please respect copyright.PENANADAEUlGlfGj
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥256Please respect copyright.PENANAewJeWhf9lK
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品256Please respect copyright.PENANAJxwSL9Cnvl
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度256Please respect copyright.PENANABWAr1sIcmX
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品256Please respect copyright.PENANAsWBt6MCP4T
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)256Please respect copyright.PENANAW5isskXdwH
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水256Please respect copyright.PENANAZ7kvCw0KSa
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水256Please respect copyright.PENANApyBPU1v4QG
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命256Please respect copyright.PENANAa67y6ouHfp
例如喺1875年256Please respect copyright.PENANAFmzRLsxmj5
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率256Please respect copyright.PENANAYiWFniPHS4
已經跌到去1.5%256Please respect copyright.PENANAOVwtJUfUho
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面256Please respect copyright.PENANAegqAYA85Cn
下集會講吓256Please respect copyright.PENANAuSY3qj33lZ
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥256Please respect copyright.PENANAQPa9X3pR4w
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運256Please respect copyright.PENANAeAzArvn1UG256Please respect copyright.PENANAaoX69YFBDa