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其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅145Please respect copyright.PENANABffFLsjlZR
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喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下145Please respect copyright.PENANAhguyYVeSPe
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙145Please respect copyright.PENANA9dwHWw6Eda
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跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報145Please respect copyright.PENANAAeSWoTFl5X
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網145Please respect copyright.PENANA78cT6gtwnS
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦145Please respect copyright.PENANAIuWfM2pwL8
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞145Please respect copyright.PENANA3AsRKnjGZQ
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咁既然唔係亞洲145Please respect copyright.PENANAogVA46Mqwy
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀145Please respect copyright.PENANAJegg08Xpik
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦145Please respect copyright.PENANAV6P2oZrXSq
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下145Please respect copyright.PENANAT3Vfg6acBr
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇145Please respect copyright.PENANAjTVxDkrVyf
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時145Please respect copyright.PENANA3crq1iQepe
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地145Please respect copyright.PENANA75tv4BeJWI
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力145Please respect copyright.PENANAEobbffQn3m
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累145Please respect copyright.PENANAGCv0oG27qX
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖145Please respect copyright.PENANAzXdnNnS0Zq
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗145Please respect copyright.PENANA0nJv0iNN1Y
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多145Please respect copyright.PENANAvLIarvZqSq
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易145Please respect copyright.PENANAQKTXvk9Kri
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水145Please respect copyright.PENANAnK2AJnFVkF
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度145Please respect copyright.PENANA6yqO2WE9uV
同環繞赤道一周差唔多145Please respect copyright.PENANAJBd0DCA0IP
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲145Please respect copyright.PENANAedxFlqOVJy
萬一有咩阻滯145Please respect copyright.PENANA2O2XSy7dIw
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道145Please respect copyright.PENANApaM0dZA7C1
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢145Please respect copyright.PENANA0Jy0Fr8rQ4
就仆得街喇145Please respect copyright.PENANA5c8TxUMtcB
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年145Please respect copyright.PENANA4v78t6syrK
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得145Please respect copyright.PENANAyl9gXOuKm4
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天145Please respect copyright.PENANAeBY2MqA2cy
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非145Please respect copyright.PENANAJR6MitEJwp
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年145Please respect copyright.PENANAmhkwfmnK6a
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生145Please respect copyright.PENANAXfcbIdJIme
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺145Please respect copyright.PENANACj1d66dsnJ
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等145Please respect copyright.PENANAA6PhM2Hkiy
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支145Please respect copyright.PENANA0FH09pjurR
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊145Please respect copyright.PENANAMCAfmxlPyG
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢145Please respect copyright.PENANAX5mpdIUUku
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講145Please respect copyright.PENANAFYmsrWWJTm
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉145Please respect copyright.PENANAj8V1JVynNz
就算食到都消化不良啦145Please respect copyright.PENANA6V4iMqs7MJ
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站145Please respect copyright.PENANAg5I1FTCUAi
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向145Please respect copyright.PENANAq2hJs6OGac
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞145Please respect copyright.PENANAWdK8nUqK30
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多145Please respect copyright.PENANAFCBGKthwyK
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:145Please respect copyright.PENANAoaXkMdE7rc
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢145Please respect copyright.PENANAIP5nQnq7sG
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫145Please respect copyright.PENANAhwRhkhUjM0
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近145Please respect copyright.PENANAcIJKLn9gNV
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎145Please respect copyright.PENANAK7Zy9d9agC
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力145Please respect copyright.PENANAFyWTNlajvO
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁145Please respect copyright.PENANArrjmQMa7kP
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩145Please respect copyright.PENANAtW62hhW6rP
美洲有耕地145Please respect copyright.PENANAyRKEdIqM4l
非洲有人力145Please respect copyright.PENANAcl129o78BT
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心145Please respect copyright.PENANA3aobkz2bJd
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦145Please respect copyright.PENANAK1gmMnYut8
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢145Please respect copyright.PENANAGQBOJEtXVI
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼145Please respect copyright.PENANA33EPVvIqLa
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢145Please respect copyright.PENANAVz4vc8K9zV
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國145Please respect copyright.PENANAOngiHv4zhm
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦145Please respect copyright.PENANAFlJw4WXJ9m
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行145Please respect copyright.PENANAdrIsQJ8e5J
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣145Please respect copyright.PENANAuroeVRS9M6
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴145Please respect copyright.PENANAaRLFDz6Uh1
由此激發各國投入人力物力145Please respect copyright.PENANA6KFoic526a
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器145Please respect copyright.PENANA8M14evlkYO
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船145Please respect copyright.PENANA3bN99CUFsf
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展145Please respect copyright.PENANAiCGV0qKoIF
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等145Please respect copyright.PENANA8x0BrnINfq
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話145Please respect copyright.PENANAmrTAeiIkHj
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易145Please respect copyright.PENANAPckpoEsLXa
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲145Please respect copyright.PENANAnaQxwh3ZNH為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度145Please respect copyright.PENANA0iAD8E7a0w
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:145Please respect copyright.PENANAAQ9FNdz9li
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?145Please respect copyright.PENANAS9rr8ntjP8
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒145Please respect copyright.PENANA6g1kjV6jxU
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀145Please respect copyright.PENANAnPTknUZwVS
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢145Please respect copyright.PENANAptASTzbNCu
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成145Please respect copyright.PENANA01gVw5TfHc
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉145Please respect copyright.PENANAfj3NjE4ZTx
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現145Please respect copyright.PENANAVwKXjIaJDn
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲145Please respect copyright.PENANAdQMWCtWJmA
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉145Please respect copyright.PENANA9K9Rj3uiGC
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團145Please respect copyright.PENANA4b6M9B0l0t
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議145Please respect copyright.PENANAMuQ6UaEFaa
準備選出新教宗喇145Please respect copyright.PENANAOaEixPU3Tw
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖145Please respect copyright.PENANAS5rlLjcdcz
自16世紀起145Please respect copyright.PENANAMM98s9g2iR
呢個小圈子選舉145Please respect copyright.PENANA0rdBr2ozWx
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控145Please respect copyright.PENANAm096Ye2N0P
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益145Please respect copyright.PENANAt3kzEqZ7vL
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營145Please respect copyright.PENANAY22x3AE5Mh
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤145Please respect copyright.PENANAzVFjZhkZc2
有時仲會大打出手145Please respect copyright.PENANA7C2wnxVzEV
好似1605年3月嗰次145Please respect copyright.PENANAgDTxS8U4FJ
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨145Please respect copyright.PENANAnFIMSFABGd
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈145Please respect copyright.PENANAVfKq9xRKT8
不過呢個唔係今集重點145Please respect copyright.PENANA0nvCCo3D7y
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇145Please respect copyright.PENANAKhwjQyEnfv
我直接講個結果:145Please respect copyright.PENANAWXoQxrU7qP
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗145Please respect copyright.PENANAOkjEa8avDv
法號伍朋八世145Please respect copyright.PENANAnyHeztcndi
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員145Please respect copyright.PENANAduMlPtBDIm
…145Please respect copyright.PENANAkUqjfrVrmb
..145Please respect copyright.PENANAPJ5V5gUvA2
.145Please respect copyright.PENANAr6CLbtVA3m
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???145Please respect copyright.PENANAPakopJOg0u
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦145Please respect copyright.PENANArntpOzsTw3
佢地其實係病死嘅145Please respect copyright.PENANAhrbsMME7yL
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"145Please respect copyright.PENANAmfne5dmIk1
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇145Please respect copyright.PENANAvlLSY36Yoy
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播145Please respect copyright.PENANAAw4YVt9GFe
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時145Please respect copyright.PENANAPMcmbwaqMa
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味145Please respect copyright.PENANABn0XIFF5Pz
係會令人發燒同病死145Please respect copyright.PENANADGvE6yqtN7
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾145Please respect copyright.PENANAIXeXDeAV08
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後145Please respect copyright.PENANAMex8Zo92sC
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘145Please respect copyright.PENANAhjm0GUfTzc
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體145Please respect copyright.PENANApRCPXlcKlK
帶返去羅馬本土喇145Please respect copyright.PENANAF3guLBaBRw
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶145Please respect copyright.PENANAin72xDiij7
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖145Please respect copyright.PENANABlFKgz7YSz
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地145Please respect copyright.PENANAbdp4IieD0S
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣145Please respect copyright.PENANAwXayrNndYM
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時145Please respect copyright.PENANAgr3mDpkVb9
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命145Please respect copyright.PENANANgR50Cm6jJ
額我略十五世唔遲唔早145Please respect copyright.PENANAxz0gELmvuG
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋145Please respect copyright.PENANAIvbK7oNlCJ
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇145Please respect copyright.PENANAWhEmN48KvI
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世145Please respect copyright.PENANAafLGLtarpL
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召145Please respect copyright.PENANAsTrHX5fU8Z
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦145Please respect copyright.PENANA67TG2RnFy8
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病145Please respect copyright.PENANAtVAbRmfnfl
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史145Please respect copyright.PENANATpBX6ndXyT
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦145Please respect copyright.PENANAkotrzz0mCe
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾145Please respect copyright.PENANAGuSfOtR9ZX
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法145Please respect copyright.PENANAbzVnjHpCnB
真係唔醫好過醫145Please respect copyright.PENANAsdT8xKsJoW
不過喺呢個大航海時代145Please respect copyright.PENANAS4h2EvpZCl
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢145Please respect copyright.PENANAdUCMwmaR7E
16世紀起145Please respect copyright.PENANAEmG2brTNBS
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊145Please respect copyright.PENANAeahLRcBC0K
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲145Please respect copyright.PENANAHpKiFZnnBh
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛145Please respect copyright.PENANARuUE97Zqiq
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人145Please respect copyright.PENANAtQhZJUpPxa
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣145Please respect copyright.PENANALQ2bWOp671
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目145Please respect copyright.PENANAG1FAucdv4o
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材145Please respect copyright.PENANAlytgocZ6CU
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英145Please respect copyright.PENANAcCOyk6Uge0
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落145Please respect copyright.PENANAEXtGQi1fEz
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦145Please respect copyright.PENANAswQYfyuc2y
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情145Please respect copyright.PENANA9uCrJvXvcK
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....145Please respect copyright.PENANApJWxBukLhY
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸145Please respect copyright.PENANA6zIl4M5faf
喺呢個地理大發現時代145Please respect copyright.PENANASIXsSY2jZ6
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置145Please respect copyright.PENANAZfV9y7wELM
呢個故事嘅主要成份145Please respect copyright.PENANA68hPcTfNgK
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初145Please respect copyright.PENANA4B4WD4SAir
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬145Please respect copyright.PENANA9oISs3qIWI
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後145Please respect copyright.PENANAV6GWCaV1xV
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土145Please respect copyright.PENANAHu3a2d7c6K
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場145Please respect copyright.PENANAQ3v7MDovrm
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就唔同咁講喇145Please respect copyright.PENANA0uItFIWJnp
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵145Please respect copyright.PENANAGi8GLghZlr
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉145Please respect copyright.PENANAXxeHukO7N1
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病145Please respect copyright.PENANAXAjXgKYzVU
服從性有幾高可想而知145Please respect copyright.PENANAHITvGh8Qds
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫145Please respect copyright.PENANAggexauYvkK
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話145Please respect copyright.PENANAUOgsQ37E94
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講145Please respect copyright.PENANAKLwyyWBo4u
無疑係甘上加甘145Please respect copyright.PENANAzW0vwVLT7b
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢145Please respect copyright.PENANAAdqHaZELK6
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000145Please respect copyright.PENANArnaCvobzsr
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度145Please respect copyright.PENANA9CJjty5CHq
錢就使咗效果又冇145Please respect copyright.PENANACMKtnQ2XrB
咁點搞?145Please respect copyright.PENANAmuRsKzDxww
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”145Please respect copyright.PENANAmAU9VCCPdm
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案145Please respect copyright.PENANAMrXlLXBFBt
作為糖嘅發源地145Please respect copyright.PENANAM1J6UBGF3W
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像145Please respect copyright.PENANAtAR1l3CWBZ
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右145Please respect copyright.PENANAdj9vxMCYWR
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官145Please respect copyright.PENANAYtuUYQIhE5
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:145Please respect copyright.PENANAHQztajQSc7
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧145Please respect copyright.PENANAMR522yLVCo
溶入高濃度糖水145Please respect copyright.PENANAycR4subVRY
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮145Please respect copyright.PENANAdWHLELSTti
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿145Please respect copyright.PENANARwYdcm7I92
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度145Please respect copyright.PENANAhZrhv8BOqr
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇145Please respect copyright.PENANAGDyaJTvV6p
啲軍官再進一步145Please respect copyright.PENANAeQqBVJJ8f5
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒145Please respect copyright.PENANAKTsTE2Nsgy
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
145Please respect copyright.PENANAEkgL2aa8n2
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆145Please respect copyright.PENANAbP8xCtF78f
法國人曾經試過用紅酒145Please respect copyright.PENANATXcvJ9O2Od
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪145Please respect copyright.PENANAHGmHgmt9da
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水145Please respect copyright.PENANANjsKqVcSmF
味道完全唔融和145Please respect copyright.PENANAlpF7bOtBpq
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味145Please respect copyright.PENANA9ZTEtMH6qE
後來研究發現145Please respect copyright.PENANAD5n3mPlR75
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份145Please respect copyright.PENANA82muwmlTm9
同奎寧結合成聚合體145Please respect copyright.PENANA298FFp6Zl4
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道145Please respect copyright.PENANAnNEW9O1Ep2
呢個偶然嘅發現145Please respect copyright.PENANAALuwaiKRET
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎145Please respect copyright.PENANAiz10DJvViW
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵145Please respect copyright.PENANA3BotT3a82f
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧145Please respect copyright.PENANANuxuykTTw9
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥145Please respect copyright.PENANAknjQXe8x4M
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品145Please respect copyright.PENANAPanqD2w8Om
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度145Please respect copyright.PENANAQVluI4GjIB
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品145Please respect copyright.PENANAeqJoYe2BJA
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)145Please respect copyright.PENANA7DjRPARUUQ
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水145Please respect copyright.PENANAJ2tuMum5ZD
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水145Please respect copyright.PENANAueGlSqyqXO
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命145Please respect copyright.PENANAr6NRaaNrVJ
例如喺1875年145Please respect copyright.PENANAbEdxNNGJQd
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率145Please respect copyright.PENANAbmYVaqJ0NE
已經跌到去1.5%145Please respect copyright.PENANARi6rwTfNcD
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面145Please respect copyright.PENANAexqg7smgSO
下集會講吓145Please respect copyright.PENANA439PahzdpA
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥145Please respect copyright.PENANALcrv8IMhXL
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運145Please respect copyright.PENANAZZh7N9qgK0145Please respect copyright.PENANAPh6Lx8tXyd