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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀264Please respect copyright.PENANAmGUcN3YjZ2
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西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗264Please respect copyright.PENANAkUYK8NmTOP
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多264Please respect copyright.PENANAEBsJAzzTEr
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前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年264Please respect copyright.PENANAb2Vl1c6Rxs
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呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢264Please respect copyright.PENANApQqh5HKMmz
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15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站264Please respect copyright.PENANAJWi9tYcT6g
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非洲
當初搞咁多嘢264Please respect copyright.PENANA5sNyKs33kh
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫264Please respect copyright.PENANAjSecOFtJlp
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非洲有人力264Please respect copyright.PENANA3eCnGrtaBz
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦264Please respect copyright.PENANAwPJO1r0fnt
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再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼264Please respect copyright.PENANAgoXnLqY9Bz
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢264Please respect copyright.PENANAfMbxf8hTqu
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國264Please respect copyright.PENANAZlulSRglDX
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隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行264Please respect copyright.PENANAZWGUuaIz6j
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣264Please respect copyright.PENANAVWYTkI2Xlc
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴264Please respect copyright.PENANAfXFKartH9J
由此激發各國投入人力物力264Please respect copyright.PENANAVLNDtv7jib
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器264Please respect copyright.PENANAy23GZS3uJb
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船264Please respect copyright.PENANAB54ZXf2I5O
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易264Please respect copyright.PENANAXLjibjaRFp
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲264Please respect copyright.PENANAhznmnMU0Y6為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度264Please respect copyright.PENANAGcnrKxCWoY
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乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?264Please respect copyright.PENANA58rtPYOKqH
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒264Please respect copyright.PENANARcLpOZLAYM
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀264Please respect copyright.PENANA1YCexV8uBb
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢264Please respect copyright.PENANAwu0JHWEGYZ
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成264Please respect copyright.PENANAxbUfeteRXP
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉264Please respect copyright.PENANAwUyEsYGnPX
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲264Please respect copyright.PENANAUoVwXRCqAR
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉264Please respect copyright.PENANAsS7bCs7zha
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團264Please respect copyright.PENANASMqspkcVKn
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議264Please respect copyright.PENANApg4h7IPzgW
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖264Please respect copyright.PENANAs8oYelwqLf
自16世紀起264Please respect copyright.PENANASgzYj7etHV
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營264Please respect copyright.PENANAopia0nZg8v
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤264Please respect copyright.PENANAUl45qMHHQi
有時仲會大打出手264Please respect copyright.PENANA4RfmWRKqQg
好似1605年3月嗰次264Please respect copyright.PENANAOtDeMaymfa
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我直接講個結果:264Please respect copyright.PENANAQMP9qE47Xn
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗264Please respect copyright.PENANAh7Zkzh3Di8
法號伍朋八世264Please respect copyright.PENANAHX7fQyE9U1
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員264Please respect copyright.PENANAZNZJb2fKN1
…264Please respect copyright.PENANAunkiikEDGA
..264Please respect copyright.PENANAuuJuS4LmwY
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???264Please respect copyright.PENANAaJV4YpuQUM
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦264Please respect copyright.PENANAW95eEvcHoP
佢地其實係病死嘅264Please respect copyright.PENANAVXURCyCd6y
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"264Please respect copyright.PENANA1FMfr4bwc0
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇264Please respect copyright.PENANAXY53SJAlk8
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播264Please respect copyright.PENANAb2lzn7vZ4K
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時264Please respect copyright.PENANAn1e5TRxqDo
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係會令人發燒同病死264Please respect copyright.PENANAvu5YlrkTJT
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾264Please respect copyright.PENANAWml9pIgoSk
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後264Please respect copyright.PENANAgDwZSG46kE
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘264Please respect copyright.PENANA2mMQQyOgvm
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體264Please respect copyright.PENANAp7YhAP8aJa
帶返去羅馬本土喇264Please respect copyright.PENANA8BE8QLYLx3
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶264Please respect copyright.PENANAsjJixKjuZo
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖264Please respect copyright.PENANAM5Hqd6Vrk4
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地264Please respect copyright.PENANA9yaoSv2yHd
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣264Please respect copyright.PENANAdgFnPBgEb9
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時264Please respect copyright.PENANAKEH6E3115h
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命264Please respect copyright.PENANA9VaGbrO45k
額我略十五世唔遲唔早264Please respect copyright.PENANATKOQnxiOhX
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋264Please respect copyright.PENANA9v1DfwIdkG
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇264Please respect copyright.PENANAiqh8nVJogf
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世264Please respect copyright.PENANASqKEI0pA4J
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召264Please respect copyright.PENANAaVGtWF4F3P
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦264Please respect copyright.PENANAes3gsjIn09
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病264Please respect copyright.PENANAxvu8RVeohN
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史264Please respect copyright.PENANAsZO9r8CBgE
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦264Please respect copyright.PENANAqaeEbD4S1g
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾264Please respect copyright.PENANAxzNHy3pYiy
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法264Please respect copyright.PENANAZNg96NEz7U
真係唔醫好過醫264Please respect copyright.PENANAdOYyMSVi9F
不過喺呢個大航海時代264Please respect copyright.PENANAVfEkfToF1A
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢264Please respect copyright.PENANAM7Wcf3X1GE
16世紀起264Please respect copyright.PENANAB5KO5M9elF
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊264Please respect copyright.PENANALn3lBxfqhj
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲264Please respect copyright.PENANA19URB3xNL5
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛264Please respect copyright.PENANAyGBlCBirXS
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人264Please respect copyright.PENANA4pzaQL0vma
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣264Please respect copyright.PENANAAWXWd99x0s
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目264Please respect copyright.PENANAPCJ23ypKZu
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材264Please respect copyright.PENANAN7qEpe4IBB
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英264Please respect copyright.PENANA8BSqwS1TRi
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落264Please respect copyright.PENANAXSbU4AStAW
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦264Please respect copyright.PENANAC7jmohmpBg
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情264Please respect copyright.PENANAA1OVB4Hu3j
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....264Please respect copyright.PENANA0B9TnDWYLy
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呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置264Please respect copyright.PENANATJor1W2kZ6
呢個故事嘅主要成份264Please respect copyright.PENANABuo2t2yVxk
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初264Please respect copyright.PENANAllGy9bR6Fv
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬264Please respect copyright.PENANARn9NcCDeLL
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後264Please respect copyright.PENANAYR7OpOpzAT
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵264Please respect copyright.PENANA1L13Nixd2h
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉264Please respect copyright.PENANAnJgpVix7iM
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病264Please respect copyright.PENANADsYvBqEIxp
服從性有幾高可想而知264Please respect copyright.PENANALkwqTYd4L7
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫264Please respect copyright.PENANAIfJvAsM7as
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話264Please respect copyright.PENANAfqwWAJ8hXR
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講264Please respect copyright.PENANAgCjtX3KENc
無疑係甘上加甘264Please respect copyright.PENANANMWK2sosB1
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢264Please respect copyright.PENANAAF1LZ7uFin
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000264Please respect copyright.PENANAmyU5KCkUiD
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度264Please respect copyright.PENANAvkKwa861wW
錢就使咗效果又冇264Please respect copyright.PENANAXi1KpeopWv
咁點搞?264Please respect copyright.PENANAtlu5H9f6RI
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”264Please respect copyright.PENANAR8jW5XIbtb
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案264Please respect copyright.PENANArF5Gj5sXct
作為糖嘅發源地264Please respect copyright.PENANARltqrzIDtV
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像264Please respect copyright.PENANAlvH8ECRSCE
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右264Please respect copyright.PENANAcVluCuJkZ9
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官264Please respect copyright.PENANA0tbR1T1syt
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:264Please respect copyright.PENANAjjXL8D5dsw
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧264Please respect copyright.PENANAxaYrfFd7tj
溶入高濃度糖水264Please respect copyright.PENANAbT4zM1Wt4O
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮264Please respect copyright.PENANACAXnXuYJyQ
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿264Please respect copyright.PENANAl9VyMnx6lH
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度264Please respect copyright.PENANAuS2BdKTXsn
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇264Please respect copyright.PENANAeWenTx73Lc
啲軍官再進一步264Please respect copyright.PENANAInfdgQjImZ
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒264Please respect copyright.PENANAfpwngbG5p3
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
264Please respect copyright.PENANAwsRp9meGla
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆264Please respect copyright.PENANAGzO7F43HgL
法國人曾經試過用紅酒264Please respect copyright.PENANArpwjwToqVR
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪264Please respect copyright.PENANAZl3liAwWzB
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水264Please respect copyright.PENANANTNn06SmqK
味道完全唔融和264Please respect copyright.PENANAocujjHmJ44
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味264Please respect copyright.PENANAqftMkjvblS
後來研究發現264Please respect copyright.PENANA5fK6HQhq7Y
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份264Please respect copyright.PENANA06hsAd5JGZ
同奎寧結合成聚合體264Please respect copyright.PENANAmUcNmj3kxJ
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道264Please respect copyright.PENANA4Wk0SI2S8P
呢個偶然嘅發現264Please respect copyright.PENANAdahoBtQe6g
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎264Please respect copyright.PENANAVe7sBv5RUd
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵264Please respect copyright.PENANAKkATQOHN64
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧264Please respect copyright.PENANAcvJL2QVI0M
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥264Please respect copyright.PENANAyq2Mk7ojNF
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品264Please respect copyright.PENANAAlzLW50j2r
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度264Please respect copyright.PENANAhbgrS8hBnU
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品264Please respect copyright.PENANAG3QOTlT519
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)264Please respect copyright.PENANAgpm1eV3Pth
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水264Please respect copyright.PENANAjNM4dJWPPt
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水264Please respect copyright.PENANAb9nRD1Rnyx
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命264Please respect copyright.PENANAyfR3rG1opC
例如喺1875年264Please respect copyright.PENANAZCrLMv0hRi
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率264Please respect copyright.PENANAWl0yov5fpO
已經跌到去1.5%264Please respect copyright.PENANAMZ7HeeW9uU
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面264Please respect copyright.PENANAqqsnKW6tLb
下集會講吓264Please respect copyright.PENANAedC9dDhzNe
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥264Please respect copyright.PENANAPDb986Hfg2
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運264Please respect copyright.PENANAJqyENEFFGP264Please respect copyright.PENANAUfV1ZvG8pV