x
非洲到而家120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡetVhssf3v0
一分鐘都仲係得嗰60秒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVRcas5mVgk
大家有冇諗過係咩原因呢?120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjp869VeNsE
今日就用呢一杯Gin & Tonic120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf9ahNXSeZZ
同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcUBmHXlvUu
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaZxidVNazQ
自蒙古冧檔鄂圖曼崛起後120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGd9zV0xwie
通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTluZnFV4GD
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFWcqtFguZ0
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsNbMBAWbaa
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgpEvGuSqd1
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuMT5WdOG0G
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJEv2OK5kNn
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOpU6O7wldR
1493年3月15日星期五中午 120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxRIcbgLiLg
哥倫布同佢捉返嚟嗰幾個“印度人”喺西班牙嘅帕洛斯港登岸120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCyS3v2utOI
斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjii8emZzZC
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡatpHYIXXN0
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUX5FQiWeDY
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ870jg0o5P
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡws2WSg9U0K
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPBAwCEI0sk
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIdKkF0eM45
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzSbt7rhWP
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡktDw5XyOgu
咁既然唔係亞洲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh7JtrpKjaY
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHB0joxyJpY
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPbJtROG2jd
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5HsP9bEZqt
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjFO4RnR9Va
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3C4vNr56nF
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq2R9XxdeXa
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9cN2ZlxRZu
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGNv0v0f7Xm
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1gUzCOibxP
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZr20KBcAZL
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMxnHhzYrJ0
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhgdyiYdflI
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡorp1qdF2mr
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtd7tjBjL9o
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTN2cGxgHxg
同環繞赤道一周差唔多120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF3VENL5xTf
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2bKUTyMpwC
萬一有咩阻滯120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh7korOqq40
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFVH5q1mvG0
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtaBHjg9fv9
就仆得街喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDuAjgCJkRt
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0nLSyKVnIi
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoHtkBXbEr4
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9fJvRT1Sht
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP6xMPm5xRM
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4p5PFZVsus
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ42x6ZB0xqO
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLqKNIGxIhH
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2RKVk4CPZh
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKhhCNQEyhQ
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLRkLNK6jAc
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX2j0NXbQCh
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKqp3aARHvx
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUuKc0uKMbF
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYE2VO9rL8K
就算食到都消化不良啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpWvhSjg95h
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站
120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7KDum6BzRS
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtYmhKb6gBY
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJnGwtft9mX
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbY8kMZdlvr
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5svAjWlqz
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnlcraNOJI8
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ57l3F5CwdU
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3VTzCtYG8B
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6G2zUyd0LY
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc00PPOZEMW
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW5jDawPlsn
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKRHsEXR1hJ
美洲有耕地120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYJH4ciibrA
非洲有人力120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtefvodUmvP
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIBjyaxbfEx
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVnKKmEXQBY
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAHiGy9G4mz
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2l5FBe4vw
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMvTFLLCEce
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4gzU25g4ft
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt4T6pxMT0V
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4NRDCxJLyJ
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDnjkGliwfF
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PKfS3V5Qc
由此激發各國投入人力物力120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ27PxUi4zYD
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpdoOw4q9qj
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ90TOnrbOLW
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUUWDPmagKN
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSTLDeo0GLg
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ0a6pkpjTf
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd9ibeGJVNK
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJtmr9xnbAh為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIGhxz24epD
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1TIf0kGws3
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYrT1OzRf2k
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡle6GHdgAYU
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdzh74lGxXc
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXSS5xv5w3t
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX1W4Mt0JDD
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjiu23Zf34w
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKohXT6ryWx
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEzPj3VbRlO
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQBwNJoJqZj
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpsBpnQirYk
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFfr6Y3SlJI
準備選出新教宗喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAGvvFTV5Ke
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0WryyVF85F
自16世紀起120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡySVxOqeTiG
呢個小圈子選舉120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRYoTiqUCxh
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjwJQkm8zCw
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdD5pwaXexP
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJPBzuO7KUT
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtwgfnepKEQ
有時仲會大打出手120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ53ahAiiZ5I
好似1605年3月嗰次120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVOFI4TjRyf
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnwnMcC4wy3
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQrTFcIo6h5
不過呢個唔係今集重點120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlovrJWm41o
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNiu5ZCesTL
我直接講個結果：120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ22p8JiySRG
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5uKbnYGuKl
法號伍朋八世120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZiAM6cJMx0
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLp0KfDrpNQ
…120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiMeTPhE49R
..120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq92DEFYvoB
.120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNtVDGkXQnw
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQLnzK6BMcf
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAtyrAJSJgB
佢地其實係病死嘅120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO6JsaB53mK
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd7xw9cGPrl
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKqFDQLjuvG
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG6pFC24m4S
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy43EiDnqiw
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiNSFxr2qV6
係會令人發燒同病死120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMzy9S88c0j
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDwvu8ATo8H
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZgKRrt1tPN
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0maO1RBuAa
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEhPKObNs6C
帶返去羅馬本土喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM83v3DT3V4
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR3X2IlLK5E
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwLoLrXSvSx
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE2ZfSBChvd
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1jaHPlFIjZ
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKLTITTqz7J
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6NDgdAzLS
額我略十五世唔遲唔早120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI2rCrgRbPT
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKJK5XRPgiD
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMLrOgGn7tM
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEgFxoDPu65
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBONoBEtT6x
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMK6kTqXhUc
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHOFEvUVHnq
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZhR1EknLKA
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmAUXI8jlUG
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUVxOPpOOhf
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxD6PKPwe6B
真係唔醫好過醫120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTm2g1oNuet
不過喺呢個大航海時代120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuxDUnS7qbT
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL9Wr782vyi
16世紀起120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUYnxov9zlA
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDhIU0JuVra
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOlOLibJvOF
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡecUr2mZ9aZ
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9lwIxgPWS3
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe7Ywj3C44c
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7jRPRJmKex
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ69AN6eR05h
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdejpcsOaYl
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbEp4qp8Vs9
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡanF4nUVUNF
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDXEgOGQCk5
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2h03UGA9mZ
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOxWJ1E9RGU
喺呢個地理大發現時代120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkebr7StnKA
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ87ZuBP1fwn
呢個故事嘅主要成份120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbWHKpmgQcr
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJBZ83cT5Ua
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN2MU0RGtt0
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0SwlFEbwwk
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡofHkMgauJ0
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUQIoybS4sp
咁有農地自然就要灌溉120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbVR4guWebb
而灌溉自然就會有積水120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMfqO3SPGMs
咁有積水就自然有蚊患啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtyjfsfn7QW
不過美洲本身並冇引致瘧疾嘅寄生蟲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP6lUTRcG6X
所以利馬建立初期係冇瘧疾疫情嘅120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrLlUYXR3FN
但係隨住開墾嘅規模越嚟越大120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuEDmoLoHCr
自16世紀中期起120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxT8bRA1gXy
啲農場主從奴隸販子手上120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNhbIYHl7fM
購入大量由西非畿內亞灣區同剛果河流域捉番嚟嘅黑鬼120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfnehW0frYM
而咁啱呢帶嘅雨林就係瘧疾嘅源頭喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDoDZDsZaZ
啲黑鬼除咗為啲農場主提供所需嘅勞動力外120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz0BlyZLk6v
同時亦為啲農場主提供佢地唔想要嘅瘧原蟲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxGCI2Rs4bZ
呢個模式不斷喺整個美洲殖民地重覆120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ78FM27NYq7
利馬﹑墨西哥城﹑危地馬拉﹑波哥大﹑布宜諾斯艾利斯⋯⋯120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWsJiCX5rGl
如無意外120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY9jFzxvFzx
呢啲新興嘅殖民地120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgFku0676Uo
將會同羅馬一樣120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcL3fYYqa7R
年復一年咁受到來自非洲嘅詛咒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyMA1ogmHTu
秘魯總督區
西非畿內亞灣
嗰時瘧疾的確肆虐整個美洲殖民地120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOLhAnjMqqb
例如耶穌會派去嘅教士120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaV4iVvz9fi
平均有4份之1會喺5年內死於瘧疾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwKsrZV3HwD
不過喺利馬120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGRroyojGaw
情況就有啲唔同120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCHOcGyN5aX
雖然每逢夏天嗰度都會有疫情120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJyM2F9OATv
不過嚴重或者死亡個案唔多120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE7J2g4J9qC
嗰時教會就將呢個"神蹟"120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfqCl2Liao
歸功於當地一個一日拜神拜到黑嘅癲婆聖女120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3MYh2VWP5P
Isabel Flores de Oliva (1586-1617)120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6PaSBurAQf
法號聖羅撒(St. Rose of Lima)120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvIYaPR6xET
美洲第一個獲封聖嘅人120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRklriODxNq
成個拉丁美洲而家有成堆地方係叫"Santa Rosa"120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3tvgvhZvc0
可想而知佢嗰時都真係幾把炮
相信大家用腳趾尾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4aXX4HE8N5
都諗到呢壇嘢同個神女冇關啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDo3uV9zaH
不過喺嗰個年代120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWxuQzN5GoJ
呢種藉冊封傻聖人嚟彰顯上帝權能嘅做法120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAezGsBeslT
都係教會一貫手段嚟嘅啫120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVyOPhoxE4i
其實當時耶穌會啲教士120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbiqaxbuKdi
已經搵到醫治瘧疾嘅藥120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ktOlSQ0hM
據耶穌會院士﹑著名嘅印加民族學家伯納貝·科博記載120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj9B5n0kBlX
當地嘅印加遺民克丘亞人❨Quechua❩120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Q6lX9zzrn
會將一種原生喺秘魯安第斯雨林嘅樹皮曬乾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmeqo9CNfW
再磨粉沖水飲嚟止痾﹑退燒同醫晚間小腿抽筋120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhUtV3pmhHz
當初西班牙人"引入"瘧疾時120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡceIWa0gJhu
因為會引起間歇性高燒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAeGcEpS7lA
啲土著自然就會用佢地熟知嘅藥去醫啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC3AuHfUS2J
點知咁啱得咁橋120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy8nRL2VHlv
呢種樹皮沖劑退燒之餘仲殺埋啲瘧原蟲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGEHIDHM9Ne
呢個係人類第一次記載有效治療瘧疾嘅記錄
至於《肘後備急方》呢啲漁翁撒網式嘅"醫書"就唔好提喇
當時利馬教區耶穌會個話事人叫奧古斯丁·薩倫布里諾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCEZtlDfxud
本身喺羅馬受過醫藥訓練120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBY6GwOq7tF
喺伍朋八世嘅號召下120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh2991Dnvrr
佢開始反覆驗證呢種樹皮嘅效用120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2dSKSE88F4
最後喺1632年120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFogUL2ExCc
開始運啲樹皮去羅馬120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbLf24HW00w
經教廷醫生試驗後確認有效120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXDLpGvfG7m
自此呢種當時被稱為"耶穌會樹皮"嘅聖藥120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJcwHebG3yd
就成為秘魯總督區最值錢嘅商品喇
手持樹皮嘅奧古斯丁·薩倫布里諾❨Agostín Salumbrino❩
克丘亞人叫呢種樹皮做"Quina-Quina"120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBWcAaktXGQ
呢個就係奎寧(quinine)呢個名由來喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEGvTR3QqPR
Quinine舊時譯做金雞納霜120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVvSRVZLRqj
相傳係法國耶穌會喺清國嘅傳教士譯嘅120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTzWqjAqDV0
康熙39歲嗰年中咗瘧疾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGfwwIytWuj
唔係靠呢隻聖藥嘅話120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeRdRWLLDnb
康熙盛世就會變成康熙盛年逝世
呢個故事教訓我地120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAqXTAV19J7
遇到咩奇難雜症都好120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyIYm0cinvy
只要將自己嘅問題120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpsHSjSnjVC
變埋做其他人嘅問題120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBSURc5nY45
咁人地自然就會幫你諗方法解決120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWrxPAs3oDU
大家諗諗自己戴咗幾耐口罩就知點解120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ayCDaszhQ
咁當然哥倫布都冇心嘅120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfhJy6ewuQs
佢發夢都唔會諗到120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQqDdIebNaJ
佢嗰個大轉移120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8F1jvnPXYz
係可以換到咁多解決舊世界問題嘅方法啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC1wuHylv5A
哥倫布大轉移
一個來自非洲嘅魔咒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgOGmpJUtUt
竟然喺一個風馬牛不相及嘅地方搵到解藥120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaQywlfXSCB
只可以話呢個係上帝嘅恩典/科學嘅勝利120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8PdzlLXO9q
視乎你從咩角度睇啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpndyqlRxRo
不過現實唔係童話故事又唔係RPG120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu9C0PBQbpN
瘧疾並冇因為主角搵到解藥就"叮"一聲消失120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡev0B7uYIHu
現實就係喺嗰時120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbufZ6IHCQo
呢啲樹皮相當稀缺亦都相當昂貴120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6et5mEoBG
例如喺17世紀嘅布魯塞爾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbm3S0H91pC
一劑藥大概等於普通人一個月嘅人工120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRbxTuptCU0
咁其實貴都唔係問題嚟嘅120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3MRMmSnbTP
始終自古以來貧窮人口同牲口一樣120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnI2QgBUZVI
都只係數字嚟啫120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7poAnkegFE
對啲畀得起嘅達官貴人嚟講120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHvmRjiAodz
奎寧嘅特性先係最大問題120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrFdTDRP5Ph
同大多數草藥嘅主要有效成份一樣120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLbKmMm81M4
奎寧都係屬於生物鹼120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRdB9hOvlnl
而生物鹼都有呢兩種特性:120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY9yQpw4U9o
1）苦到仆街120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQpRb3I0Gnc
2）有毒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡndLtxRZuS9
味道呢家嘢遲少少先講啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvqK7WSAIet
而家就講吓第二個問題先
好耐以前人類已經用草藥醫病㗎喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6pkmY8VpFh
最早嘅紀錄可以追溯到5000年前美索不達米亞嘅蘇美爾人120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8kbKUFFxN
咁舊時各個文明使用草藥嘅方法120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyhr1WY7Mmw
不外乎都係磨粉沖水或者幾廿味藥材三碗水煲埋一桶水120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbwhq70IYrz
但啲草藥喺呢種原始狀態下120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdRfUpWyZOU
飲嗰條友可以攝取到幾多有效成份呢?120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwa7cXW6DsI
就完全靠醫師嘅經驗同運氣喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJslimBGvQT
以奎寧為例120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMECjUrNsvD
金雞納樹總共有廿幾個品種120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDJHleDOCQS
每種樹皮奎寧含量都有所不同120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqidErLpUug
而當時植物分類學仲未發展成熟120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6YLgZSKgr
有時連嗰棵係唔係金雞納樹都唔知120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuwV9zhPOfW
都仲未計啲奸商溝啲其他樹皮入去磨粉120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3TyNzXtOoK
所以同樣重量樹皮沖出嚟嘅沖劑120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡklwTc396Ob
有時會唔夠藥效120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLIL5mytZX6
有時又過量中毒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSpHQhdQAGZ
由耶穌會供應嘅都叫穩陣啲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1eO6yF0YHe
如果好似英國呢啲要靠走私商人供應嘅更正教國家呢?120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGLzQiMZFhr
啲來貨質素就可想而知喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJNNq064giJ
所以喺初期啲新教徒都認為120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ19Sp1HCr0q
呢隻飲完一係冇效一係就耳鳴嘔吐甚至升仙嘅藥粉120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ65QHZz9VX
係教廷消滅新教徒嘅陰謀120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwqj5VsSZ2k
例如嗰時英國嘅大獨裁者護國公、對羅馬教廷深痛惡絕嘅克倫威爾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaMjzt9JLAo
就明令禁制呢隻"教皇嘅毒藥"喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC4SDAtv6ZH
奧利華•克倫威爾 (Oliver Cromwell) 120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqwficwNtqi
1658年9月3號因瘧疾併發症病逝享年59歲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgM1zhvLrg8
直到死嗰刻都唔肯聽醫生意見食呢隻藥120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwq07I5S5HJ
可想而知呢個軍頭份人係幾咁㒼塞
咁當然無論係大公教徒定更正教徒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkzVew57muT
都係得把口信上帝嘅啫120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVnKTcyr8eh
到佢地真係有機會提早見上帝嘅時候120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVxCwyZ5S5f
就個個都耍手兼擰頭㗎啦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtW25k5Tono
隨住用藥經驗不斷提升120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwKG58B8giG
服藥過量中毒嘅情況逐漸減少120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzqENcpzL3G
加上陸陸續續有唔同王親國戚因呢隻藥執番條命120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAX8jwN7zUs
喺名人效應下120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFFJsJ7IVuN
歐洲醫生逐漸放棄催吐、放血呢啲傳統“療法”120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXomQPgMfoh
金雞納樹皮就成為醫瘧疾嘅黃金標準喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzp74wM8sRY
1658年倫敦一本週刊嘅分類廣告120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxf4B8h8wrp
第三段就有介紹喺邊度買到呢隻來自安特衛普嘅“Jesuit Powder” 
世事往往就係咁啱得咁橋120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVKtH1gqd0p
當時因為奎寧執番條命最著名嘅例子120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0NkyJAqmOo
就係呢位因克倫威爾軍政府倒台而得以復辟嘅查理二世喇
所謂“神農氏嘗百草”120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyojP9nfxj7
古今中外各種文明都係以呢種trial & error嘅方式去試藥㗎喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyaGkuJlCIA
但係穩定嘅貨源同有經驗嘅醫生始終有限120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2WUgmidSyJ
喺嗰時只有啲名流紳士120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuROd8Q846w
先有資格用到金雞納樹皮嚟醫瘧疾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYP8g5bsb8Z
要大規模應用喺平民度120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpEhAZ5mcw4
係諗都唔使諗120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAEnWhTVnEf
呢樣亦都係自古以嚟傳統草藥嘅局限120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh93nmRk6oW
不過嗰時歐洲人嘅眼界同知識120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4eV0zDbY7E
正以前所未有嘅速度增長120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7zsRfs6dKf
好奇心驅使科學家探究事物嘅根源120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFGEtj38Oio
而研究出嚟嘅成果120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPMn7VpjCga
就經貿易化成滋養呢啲好奇心嘅土壤120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdyeoaR71ud
當占星術變成天文學、錬金術變成化學時120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnwac2tmpwI
人類了解世界嘅方式120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhl5PBJY2GS
再唔係好似以前咁120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYviB6r7e3U
用神學或者體液學說呢類玄之又玄、摸唔到睇唔見嘅“論說”喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY1BOP9O0C1
1806年德國化學家弗里德里希·史特納成功從罌粟中分離出同樣係生物鹼嘅嗎啡120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4fRgoFGOeH
受到啟發後兩個法國化學家佩爾蒂埃同卡文托120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiJf6KsiLeZ
喺1820年成功從金雞納樹皮分離出奎寧120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ61hpSd6TkS
自此無論係英王嘅御醫120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhBYIhiKQvH
抑或係喺孟買軍營入面嘅軍需官120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBUC9oiPTHS
只要有本藥典同個磅120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVgXtncdkuL
就可以處方到準確劑量嘅奎寧喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJNMmT9U1GL
法國記念發現奎寧150周年郵票120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRdqWXlWMeO
如果嗰時有諾貝爾獎嘅話佢地肯定攞獎
呢個發現對英國同法國呢兩個殖民大國尤其重要120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXUWoB6TtiR
一路以嚟佢地喺熱帶尤其係非洲嘅殖民地120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8OHP1LqOZO
都深受瘧疾所困擾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXBy7dLKgXq
例如喺1836年120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx4T8qT4Bdv
英國喺西非嘅殖民地塞拉利昂120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtJYwfENy8w
每1000名英軍就有成486人死亡120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAiLLFzK9N1
英國另一撻同樣喺畿內亞灣區嘅殖民地黃金海岸(即係而家嘅加納)120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbmYRhhxGUw
死亡率更高達6成半120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6aZsteBSM
當中超過三分之一係死於瘧疾120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡseONzqbyVs
法國嘅塞內加爾因為遠離瘧疾肆虐嘅畿內亞密林情況就好啲120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDjDmS8k0N9
但駐軍嘅每年死亡率都超過兩成120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuowqeSRV19
死亡率之高120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Y1VAjMYKb
以至英國同法國曾經諗過放棄呢啲“White man's grave”120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcRPbONAwHb
好彩隨住製造奎寧程序標準化同工業化120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRHUztANpzv
奎寧供應喺1840年代開始穩定120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwM6akJEX3U
到1860年左右120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVdNVoX1zeY
英國同荷蘭成功從獨立後囤積居奇嘅秘魯120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5AcycP89EF偷移植金雞納樹苗到印度同爪哇嘅種植園120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaLcVQBSvbl
奎寧供應大增120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmTyipGdSpW
喺滿足咗本土需求後120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKdzPZrnKmw
各國開始向殖民地駐軍每日配給奎寧120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0PiIC6gPdO
以作治療同預防瘧疾之用120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzUfCBPHb4L
西非各國
不過佢地好快發現另一個小問題120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ64sL2WaL5D
啲士兵根本冇食到每日配給嗰啲藥120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyvcQcHkMJc
原因就係奎寧實在太苦120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpyJ24uZxbF
可能你地會諗：冇錯正所謂苦口良藥吖嘛120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoQu9nvL1l2
苦咪苦囉其實冇乜問題120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzUEI71XfzO
如果條友病到死死吓嘅話120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnhYL7UNTqH
唔好話苦味啦就算係屎味佢都會照食120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyh0oF1gjON
不過如果冇事冇幹純粹食嚟預防中招嘅話呢?120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡttGuR424Hq
就唔同咁講喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrth6QN21rY
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkVUUyImma8
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnBx8Tt3tf1
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNtD88EVtnT
服從性有幾高可想而知120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOP7vqp4Yqi
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6ufzlZb5T
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3kVm7GtKsC
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKLV6ic3jMk
無疑係甘上加甘120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZSS1yAwmX7
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDPu1wFclnD
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9gFQ9MLJKs
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcuKdUrsdZU
錢就使咗效果又冇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjJP3Et8JSq
咁點搞?120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwqA7ZRLsqD
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRVEiBOm8Q4
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXAQ7390zmO
作為糖嘅發源地120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiInuSNbnJz
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsC1jBxqbRw
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCVpVnbi91q
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMxQfQ8VOqH
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq8sqL3dSqD
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqFSikFXyto
溶入高濃度糖水120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc3cWF3cwcF
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAFiDtNpOcT
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOjDoGlFMK3
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGzphFDYWvj
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOBj8AyptgD
啲軍官再進一步120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLDOM3GpGrT
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZYWYHnNGH9
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
![[offtopic]](https://cdn.lihkg.com/assets/faces/normal/offtopic.gif)
120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXp083zPYQJ
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX2XrPFXW3Q
法國人曾經試過用紅酒120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPTd6jZ61RJ
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP7DxRyca4O
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNfwMdWL0mv
味道完全唔融和120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQOA62zhkVz
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ44jHAmJjEx
後來研究發現120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF3Cg0ugvJy
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRiJLEMReKf
同奎寧結合成聚合體120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi3nUE4QwLC
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9jXLX5bSE7
呢個偶然嘅發現120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpaap17qd43
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBQMXCsQLql
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHojF0buKQh
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhIrRNqDhTZ
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjjP0oSi5ti
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCAv0FkaNBy
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMCliErx9Fx
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡErDJcWqHo6
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoHknkbSxUx
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpZaot7R2x6
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC5dWprYOle
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ06g0odgAW
例如喺1875年120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqtcNeB5oq1
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGjhi9ErU20
已經跌到去1.5%120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVB5jb23klQ
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjYIQgwwNUH
下集會講吓120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0CFSp4ru8I
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn3kTiOk3SO
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡve7q5wsGUM
120Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxp4Koi5b9G
