在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVpfqiQe6xO
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGPj7lDMyjU
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ZrtLSXg57
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbPYIvhNDnL
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡReBkU6otXC
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb3799994xx
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmvwRnRJcRK
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjL4UUIgtpC
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjMZTUzZxq3
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡohWPK4g9BZ
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU8NOP3uFZw
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA9Odh6Bh1M
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAJkBmlZIFc
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRRYM7ciA3w
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2LjWaTCs1b
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wTCXYsZ2X
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnZ5SDSi3G6
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUgKMAXGNSv
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616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3MfxVGhpGL
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfEyOrsDiIu
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHLLbQAfHN2
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTcWUj8i6LP
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ2UpNSHDlF
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLp5e70b9oF
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs7SciNt4mu
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSsS4ulLzYq
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGqQQibSe56
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBKkcWP5xCb
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJGiaM2Avv9
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡerjgxWFWIE
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLAy1B1xOCB
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzf2q1D0J3d
____________________________________616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡae8x9lXe9y
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「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTygaVvBORu
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNApQWNeTzk
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGWOKg5fKvl
「我是B+....」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1Z8jqAhxaP
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAn4cQIrETq
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdLGOaMbrMU
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZHwI3d6Ilv
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU6AnZsJ1b1
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ92iufuOpI
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM3Q0vaAAiJ
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKYi9TVnsAy
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa4T238rPJS
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKVNPcp2v2O
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPb5cf1daTH
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyqPk8BIoBb
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY2SdUONnMy
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrx4ke5DSbQ
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBAiixsJHOj
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL6rzIeHbhM
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2jx7Oj79Gk
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbbtGwWBQjo
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtWvVVZ6IPF
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlhNKsB8jzv
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyQdI6JfRQi
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq1AL3fXNVU
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6QYCg0Pq8h
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnp9kTEJLKj
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnbAZx5EZp6
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZi3A2dJivg
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfOt8XcaKUY
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzbth7mCVFR
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡItkf9ILc7u
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbT7wGWvN5u
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡufTrDQmCHv
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFKXmZyXpiD
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLxUWGjL9dm
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡExLc1LmBc8
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSPM4i1JZ6w
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1hQfM5Veyd
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGNBmODx8CZ
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5oAoTQZSwJ
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEXRfzNRXQp
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhysGel0CGq
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnoq6pD4bT2
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAmIDTDfp8P
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvyg8SW5MQD
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡReKxiPgej5
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMOTjSNC22W
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5vJZmIvgnI
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnGDtdbS7dZ
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLOHDVZmR3A
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBBuvZ9hKBX
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1FZ3EGMs67
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgoUoqYYCSV
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhzNQQBo8Oz
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP47rxlT68W
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjD9KsFqdeE
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMHvzzpHMqt
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKPQY9GdaAa
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg47MvRd0xL
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRu3I60Xo6b
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVhCyfNZFWO
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Djyai56nx
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616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsccwI4QUsV
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk6uLfOsruC
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnjTtjKhx9i
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRuXvLO3ByA
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______________________________________616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhfbG14SawV
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鈴...鈴...鈴.....616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcJymxvWuRD
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVMRpEocTcQ
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVD0wa9nbGQ
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5I86Cxlkti
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA7LbMY60GM
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCvVZM2IiCE
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnggL8bqCiR
「血..血時教授...」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlCHALWty0c
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuUVeeqgyyx
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsBcKJ9IC3i
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJOkW0FYBQd
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXZjadPtOPy
「......」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnM1JmpXkM7
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4KMBmn3RJi
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDn7XUs1sCf
616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg68eVSCyk2
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」616Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9GsJbO4VLB
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