在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡruji3Ql6kB
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡavtP6gnnqb
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtgCc7nuMeG
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKOQNlMrlAR
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMjo86Q6dJc
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqVlGJ8zNVp
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWpgaWIQEiG
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeSjmCTHmSI
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnWJhTfmqsB
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCdL2G0hSc9
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKQ5ZKFkxd
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9UKVJdHNxN
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOIpeZJpNeq
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkCNdEod5Mh
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy9gpfAVoAc
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQKQSakvDoB
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRSexegJBM3
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV3Ht3NlrY9
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2XVvzfggl
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhcv2pcbV0Z
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKKHW4fPnOn
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR6obVdHKZs
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhqyvJqBgff
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKlHGSmchWH
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJWBHQJU8QR
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVQhBN6tLlz
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5XQMUvIHG
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHpHfRMIMOE
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkzx8c9Xyrb
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfTRdYkJDhU
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKeAjgJzHYN
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7FMrgkbcga
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3AgPYMCcm2
____________________________________559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAAmfj8Giex
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsAH5CYTsDC
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmOzeKqdcan
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjSeM4yvZcB
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqRLcYZnjjp
「我是B+....」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZUVdAO7eo
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Rd1WMQHGR
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh0Cfi3QVcx
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiRNZsWB9T8
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡohKqgWJg2t
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2MgTTrYRNw
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr23PdtZCtp
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW8spUHeRe2
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWf3MpQopfI
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJl1Iv3m7V9
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3wliV8H9vU
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmT723MGSC1
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkafv93RIrE
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFdCf50fcQ1
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68lDGq18GW
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh9eaUFdPMB
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuy3NheARB6
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnU81Sj6PhI
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcIyfXggJgy
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGTsvfPTI2l
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6fnoEFOTrA
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡidzhfEJBXN
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlPeM3Kthob
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlgcvThMLB2
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTaJFZrf11W
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjUVvKXG8Pt
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡawBrq1gQDS
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSUb1gOu8rl
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡie0nM5vQHs
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5GMuOw1ni3
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6oaAbVHpDZ
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIiWtDqgBpS
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBQzqsd9fXl
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdEDASQRpTs
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtbSIa91ke3
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4G4NKc2teM
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpNCcFJ7b6x
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGGDOCKGvKC
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ657w6Z5zRS
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡry3SSQAu0Q
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Ptu3o4h41
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeXwGBUnebT
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwmzovzRAdX
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbdk8jId1NG
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP2kw3PQ1gh
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEBjTPLwx3z
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK8ls2dF8LA
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxTlFjTsAw7
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmk7OUYUP8o
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCgMGAyd4UC
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡydZ2uFbACC
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrJHVhrvUWn
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKMIiVJTecQ
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpCdx82RW1B
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzk6LFTJmDT
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqEFIMW3EdY
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmGxleDHOzd
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHm6w6gI2ZI
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJnhATzhoZW
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXQrZfT6FgD
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqVIiqnSPkX
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhmeRBMo2yk
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaZHwhjV3sE
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡywVcyzRdta
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnIy65vJGnN
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhrjZQs9Zny
______________________________________559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNoL8cD5cc7
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkZ64ARFGWR
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9pzm7Ols5L
鈴...鈴...鈴.....559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO8lBqGzpnz
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnr4vwzGaHG
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfxmoZZxuli
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5uhZey42iu
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdRXLw1OHAI
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡndeaaQGpVc
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz5XeCD38uR
「血..血時教授...」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlpHtOx9zty
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7tpwchRl3A
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAly3Ck6Lp0
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo1xXtheLGK
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX81nWz9Pp6
「......」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg6gh3oA2Oz
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUCGxOEyaaZ
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDwXaGc3ErV
559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFayVeecOi3
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」559Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSIUu392WT6
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