在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlsNJsBgVNk
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡylMoCU95GS
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在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡulQBktBHM1
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1szy0YlG6l
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5zRK5wFBC4
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHD1j3PaIAI
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsMGawlPAM3
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnPHaFSJ2d9
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLH6VmSAqtD
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlXTZIIwoZw
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmU7bEehFp9
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTSuiEHmLoy
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwsUcw2Pk2a
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM7VikQHc0K
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjkECfcTkfX
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQPT9eQChjL
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIcy6vr8MP2
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKWf8krRkUk
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qmxSfZfp4
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdpTsv7jm2f
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv88X5smx0z
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH9pDLzkxUZ
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn3MSBCtWqH
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmAm6b9dMSD
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTthHgwPh0H
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYyisOA6YAB
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ63tcyYglP9
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDvCLr2p1FW
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfAuf1dlEST
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1vhgk5aAFZ
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeocEihLpVr
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡptkIUwZLqO
____________________________________625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Js5O39bHA
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo8LWBCjwRL
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡen7rK74xlf
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbsmXxMNF2h
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGP1IUDAr8x
「我是B+....」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSPMCvyGnsM
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTk1Oi1cpPf
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE6a9abIVA0
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡebfw5CWI83
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp5Ztk7W6NO
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7iLrh25UnL
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB3YRKZQvv9
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLHX0IOZJy9
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ohpqI3dHW
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSP7QQlfNaV
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbaXilaQIf5
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUsPlrBeZIQ
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9FnNYvsvlP
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOpQurU2vHc
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrsZ78vM8le
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6x7x6h1gxI
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡktg5ivZNCa
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZEnjsKUmvB
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH3YMzYf4vZ
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgbPpFmJIeF
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8FWv0VXTpM
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDuHQs8fDdb
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsyOCiBlqTV
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwacAfuouNr
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ4ttMvBv4n
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiKTIB9I0Tj
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡViSuTNX8MJ
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeBpHHPDhgs
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCUNJJNmXhz
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe3DCNLv8cT
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlx5pfNFnZK
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNZbVV67Fqk
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqTcc3soeMa
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKKHWHLa8Jx
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJsS4rJJCgk
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXONKlOYkVO
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX82y0leU59
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Bob7hcwS4
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzeIJiOCTZf
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUh5NTDhvPl
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyyx6v4hEIZ
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWSID4SHOqe
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgAUwRtALwS
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsYpIJHM7V0
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡacG4BPvWFy
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEs1llvuDbT
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9e1eRllI0p
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4qJkMfXMs
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvETCwHu7I3
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnV511puL6P
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBVJCw7XlSG
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6cC9s2Ucrv
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhKZQyj8kxq
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlWQDjnsNv1
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAbeZPWFh95
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡudqbj4Y2mC
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPoBHf5wEpQ
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt3bUK9vcIr
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡraXRevr86P
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeWM0RPuqCG
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB64ubtYstR
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfJySUIvm98
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMWblN7LSf2
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqsHzqLhzcw
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZvLkEAMlEG
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4iAD35OBcz
______________________________________625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNbL5s9d5HJ
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlZgU43OqIn
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡanDGUSK9MA
鈴...鈴...鈴.....625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJU5HtxI24D
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnyrFLPJpMv
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3FQs12LVJr
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX41293PnBz
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD7dPzDbxKC
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWKfHs41KUu
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtSKiWVYIST
「血..血時教授...」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD4j4KqYhav
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSyNGm39u15
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI43s7bRidE
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXwbWvMXks4
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUCPe7xlJ8O
「......」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO06rTKPNn8
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWa40MaAkLR
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR6stbgti0O
625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡefhxXcYbK1
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」625Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHrQBY0YD63
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