The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjfQDpYdVt2
Ars Goetia1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb0RRfA7UCy
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTBYSrUrRxw
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡldhsPVqQKB
2) Duke Agares1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYHAjTaA3wd
3) Prince Vassago1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWu8v8njWl5
4) Marquis Samigina1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ZRxWIjSiE
5) President Marbas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzYjAyPubee
6) Duke Valefor1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcg0rbckZCd
7) Marquis Amon1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu0p58AxaCn
8) Duke Barbatos1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcLIEppjrlP
9) King Paimon1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKTDFsjYCga
10) President Buer1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2I1wVI45WE
11) Duke Gusion1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Td0YEUgMU
12) Prince Sitri1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO8ScVK2cpZ
13) King Beleth1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIWxPQyY35i
14) Marquis Leraje1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJaWJ38PBvd
15) Duke Eligos1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHKmQNoZNJZ
16) Duke Zepar1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlxRlHWHDe5
17) Count/President Botis1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡImLIgXsiNH
18) Duke Bathin1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvpuGrqtbXy
19) Duke Sallos1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPy5E9w0tBb
20) King Purson1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Gs4g0Mt3j
21) Count/President Marax1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa0eu5BxdEe
22) Count/Prince Ipos1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiWWFKn6G4E
23) Duke Aim1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHqPNBn4eyS
24) Marquis Naberius1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZNY9dq7Y9
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBrILlir52E
26) Duke Buné1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqizKMMI3wL
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡctVtuslKC9
28) Duke Berith1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5QKgSIhl8f
29) Duke Astaroth1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkAjX3ZdF1d
30) Marquis Forneus1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0a0Zm459Gg
31) President Foras1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrJTMmsJiwH
32) King Asmoday1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoEdkeIa1nZ
33) Prince/President Gäap1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ35Pssf8c3K
34) Count Furfur1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB7GEnThHQE
35) Marquis Marchosias1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsXKV6cpj2q
36) Prince Stolas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡddBLyMQ0tf
37) Marquis Phenex1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGwuz3u0Qza
38) Count Halphas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn6h1ZW3Rzo
39) President Malphas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr7nUgoaiAL
40) Count Räum1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSJLxGwnR4E
41) Duke Focalor1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ppsCWRC5P
42) Duke Vepar1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0kV0Wm8UDC
43) Marquis Sabnock1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoDGCYCjmm1
44) Marquis Shax1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPBhBizr2Yk
45) King/Count Viné1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk9uobW6EBZ
46) Count Bifrons1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB7P5KsMovY
47) Duke Vual1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrjQf0eQ8KQ
48) President Haagenti1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPo4mc23rw4
49) Duke Crocell1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPRz83ngMZW
50) Knight Furcas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ29046z8SFO
51) King Balam1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEqHFyWy3c9
52) Duke Alloces1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGo0h5kc7Db
53) President Caim1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8byioLB0Qf
54) Duke/Count Murmur1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZwcQCdPTr
55) Prince Orobas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0QMIL0WW5X
56) Duke Gremory1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1hitXhqW3G
57) President Ose1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDdecuYvanw
58) President Amy1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpMjVWCzEEO
59) Marquis Orias1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjp6pe7qTge
60) Duke Vapula1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNSjqyzbRDU
61) King/President Zagan1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbf9zMmAGvg
62) President Valac1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoLrBoR49Ds
63) Marquis Andras1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡawEQpQI20U
64) Duke Flauros1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjJh0hpF87H
65) Marquis Andrealphus1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTUge3ztpF9
66) Marquis Kimaris1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMvGzObPcGV
67) Duke Amdusias1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ99VqoWPoSW
68) King Belial1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0VHmWuiOz9
69) Marquis Decarabia1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDjeT3gs4mK
70) Prince Seere1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnAgv4Q1Ewv
71) Duke Dantalion1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlhjOkb14DJ
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYQlJIn2iBB
Ars Theurgia Goetia1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaTcbQozRDO
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOTZmybLbDi
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Ars Paulina1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAXIeHmOlfj
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoFgpHGTarr
Ars Almadel1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2zDncNracH
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡShXRRKU3t7
Ars Notoria1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgVzaOg8Yr4
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡssLagPXlTQ
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP5isZsx7Gv
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDrG7JCKWja
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7cFHR7a9ft
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUAMSFcu9MN
5 Invidia (Envy)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE5f7smTout
6 Ira (wrath)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMDrR9csgm
7 Acedia (sloth)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7pHwcNBQLn
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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