The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTS2Zve9MFy
Ars Goetia1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsKIcgg1AEk
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZkX1w3I7hZ
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRoX54YcUMg
2) Duke Agares1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKnlI7Do3MX
3) Prince Vassago1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh4dkWmscTM
4) Marquis Samigina1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdOV7GgghI7
5) President Marbas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVTeSXsKtae
6) Duke Valefor1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh9JbtsQVJQ
7) Marquis Amon1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLfOnhAWchs
8) Duke Barbatos1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoPj9cAsVVM
9) King Paimon1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVgyYA6bNrT
10) President Buer1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7TJFjQlYPs
11) Duke Gusion1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5NIt4eexC
12) Prince Sitri1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUeeiWbeUC
13) King Beleth1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMije4d5V5p
14) Marquis Leraje1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSHVHhnsHVX
15) Duke Eligos1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA7yDf3V91i
16) Duke Zepar1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2r0SexwuA
17) Count/President Botis1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm8CXpek59o
18) Duke Bathin1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf4XTkJ8549
19) Duke Sallos1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsWP8RV64iz
20) King Purson1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKryzafpAuG
21) Count/President Marax1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcyX58CxI0z
22) Count/Prince Ipos1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7eVuFKm786
23) Duke Aim1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGy9jOgkCuU
24) Marquis Naberius1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3xQWnN1fWZ
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8l4gW1k2iD
26) Duke Buné1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSfNhv98EhZ
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAI52XqYyRn
28) Duke Berith1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfn30deM6ER
29) Duke Astaroth1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ixOUcTrCd
30) Marquis Forneus1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0R5zDHE4br
31) President Foras1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVzu1UCR5BW
32) King Asmoday1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ338CmRrwZO
33) Prince/President Gäap1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjhic5QHbp9
34) Count Furfur1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx08MbQTufu
35) Marquis Marchosias1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDGbIMv3hD0
36) Prince Stolas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqKrDDTQKGh
37) Marquis Phenex1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5A8Jy2Oh9e
38) Count Halphas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcmF3Rya1Pb
39) President Malphas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuuz31UV8To
40) Count Räum1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwp4yOhj8Dx
41) Duke Focalor1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG5jVangmoo
42) Duke Vepar1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpYTjOWKtg0
43) Marquis Sabnock1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMxug3BdnUL
44) Marquis Shax1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa1ePn51avi
45) King/Count Viné1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf2qulvfGyJ
46) Count Bifrons1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpd7OmTWK6l
47) Duke Vual1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOCckdPfihL
48) President Haagenti1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ZwpXlfOoP
49) Duke Crocell1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrqNUnO9GAq
50) Knight Furcas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYYAxFBc4Rv
51) King Balam1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKYYWVEZ8Tm
52) Duke Alloces1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNBKbm79Z8u
53) President Caim1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3tSxDFAhdA
54) Duke/Count Murmur1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZKiyf3pTLD
55) Prince Orobas1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbGQF093wHr
56) Duke Gremory1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyddi5UH2rv
57) President Ose1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSft93tYhkt
58) President Amy1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyVEz5BOqrC
59) Marquis Orias1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyMH9JWvGH
60) Duke Vapula1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkzLAS9bncl
61) King/President Zagan1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIJIyfK6WZy
62) President Valac1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBT9ar7HPmF
63) Marquis Andras1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDVSgiEh727
64) Duke Flauros1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK8HeKaMa0f
65) Marquis Andrealphus1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOGuNmX2mVS
66) Marquis Kimaris1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJNlK37ejd2
67) Duke Amdusias1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcsENobF3t9
68) King Belial1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYfcgwimhQJ
69) Marquis Decarabia1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRWUyTOjjIA
70) Prince Seere1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfuzvePIyqR
71) Duke Dantalion1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuBdR8YXMYe
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQin536wOpO
Ars Theurgia Goetia1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxt5KbFI7Y3
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTijFsnuWR3
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Ars Paulina1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdgGIXQvBn3
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjyiXzSkc9y
Ars Almadel1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk5pyUH7Ag6
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpDniYbyRLR
Ars Notoria1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLWJvQwUExS
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsvtKJqsyzo
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6rlWy0kpOK
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Ya9UNdIyj
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF8iWGTBSzy
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrlZ3mxDwP0
5 Invidia (Envy)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB70qnw5nXp
6 Ira (wrath)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnqPJUhcFgg
7 Acedia (sloth)1147Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡILPYtploav
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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