The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1147Please respect copyright.PENANATS2Zve9MFy
Ars Goetia1147Please respect copyright.PENANAsKIcgg1AEk
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1147Please respect copyright.PENANAZkX1w3I7hZ
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1147Please respect copyright.PENANARoX54YcUMg
2) Duke Agares1147Please respect copyright.PENANAKnlI7Do3MX
3) Prince Vassago1147Please respect copyright.PENANAh4dkWmscTM
4) Marquis Samigina1147Please respect copyright.PENANAdOV7GgghI7
5) President Marbas1147Please respect copyright.PENANAVTeSXsKtae
6) Duke Valefor1147Please respect copyright.PENANAh9JbtsQVJQ
7) Marquis Amon1147Please respect copyright.PENANALfOnhAWchs
8) Duke Barbatos1147Please respect copyright.PENANAoPj9cAsVVM
9) King Paimon1147Please respect copyright.PENANAVgyYA6bNrT
10) President Buer1147Please respect copyright.PENANA7TJFjQlYPs
11) Duke Gusion1147Please respect copyright.PENANAl5NIt4eexC
12) Prince Sitri1147Please respect copyright.PENANAQUeeiWbeUC
13) King Beleth1147Please respect copyright.PENANAMije4d5V5p
14) Marquis Leraje1147Please respect copyright.PENANASHVHhnsHVX
15) Duke Eligos1147Please respect copyright.PENANAA7yDf3V91i
16) Duke Zepar1147Please respect copyright.PENANAe2r0SexwuA
17) Count/President Botis1147Please respect copyright.PENANAm8CXpek59o
18) Duke Bathin1147Please respect copyright.PENANAf4XTkJ8549
19) Duke Sallos1147Please respect copyright.PENANAsWP8RV64iz
20) King Purson1147Please respect copyright.PENANAKryzafpAuG
21) Count/President Marax1147Please respect copyright.PENANAcyX58CxI0z
22) Count/Prince Ipos1147Please respect copyright.PENANA7eVuFKm786
23) Duke Aim1147Please respect copyright.PENANAGy9jOgkCuU
24) Marquis Naberius1147Please respect copyright.PENANA3xQWnN1fWZ
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1147Please respect copyright.PENANA8l4gW1k2iD
26) Duke Buné1147Please respect copyright.PENANASfNhv98EhZ
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1147Please respect copyright.PENANAAI52XqYyRn
28) Duke Berith1147Please respect copyright.PENANAfn30deM6ER
29) Duke Astaroth1147Please respect copyright.PENANA7ixOUcTrCd
30) Marquis Forneus1147Please respect copyright.PENANA0R5zDHE4br
31) President Foras1147Please respect copyright.PENANAVzu1UCR5BW
32) King Asmoday1147Please respect copyright.PENANA338CmRrwZO
33) Prince/President Gäap1147Please respect copyright.PENANAjhic5QHbp9
34) Count Furfur1147Please respect copyright.PENANAx08MbQTufu
35) Marquis Marchosias1147Please respect copyright.PENANADGbIMv3hD0
36) Prince Stolas1147Please respect copyright.PENANAqKrDDTQKGh
37) Marquis Phenex1147Please respect copyright.PENANA5A8Jy2Oh9e
38) Count Halphas1147Please respect copyright.PENANAcmF3Rya1Pb
39) President Malphas1147Please respect copyright.PENANAuuz31UV8To
40) Count Räum1147Please respect copyright.PENANAwp4yOhj8Dx
41) Duke Focalor1147Please respect copyright.PENANAG5jVangmoo
42) Duke Vepar1147Please respect copyright.PENANApYTjOWKtg0
43) Marquis Sabnock1147Please respect copyright.PENANAMxug3BdnUL
44) Marquis Shax1147Please respect copyright.PENANAa1ePn51avi
45) King/Count Viné1147Please respect copyright.PENANAf2qulvfGyJ
46) Count Bifrons1147Please respect copyright.PENANApd7OmTWK6l
47) Duke Vual1147Please respect copyright.PENANAOCckdPfihL
48) President Haagenti1147Please respect copyright.PENANA2ZwpXlfOoP
49) Duke Crocell1147Please respect copyright.PENANArqNUnO9GAq
50) Knight Furcas1147Please respect copyright.PENANAYYAxFBc4Rv
51) King Balam1147Please respect copyright.PENANAKYYWVEZ8Tm
52) Duke Alloces1147Please respect copyright.PENANANBKbm79Z8u
53) President Caim1147Please respect copyright.PENANA3tSxDFAhdA
54) Duke/Count Murmur1147Please respect copyright.PENANAZKiyf3pTLD
55) Prince Orobas1147Please respect copyright.PENANAbGQF093wHr
56) Duke Gremory1147Please respect copyright.PENANAyddi5UH2rv
57) President Ose1147Please respect copyright.PENANASft93tYhkt
58) President Amy1147Please respect copyright.PENANAyVEz5BOqrC
59) Marquis Orias1147Please respect copyright.PENANAEyMH9JWvGH
60) Duke Vapula1147Please respect copyright.PENANAkzLAS9bncl
61) King/President Zagan1147Please respect copyright.PENANAIJIyfK6WZy
62) President Valac1147Please respect copyright.PENANABT9ar7HPmF
63) Marquis Andras1147Please respect copyright.PENANADVSgiEh727
64) Duke Flauros1147Please respect copyright.PENANAK8HeKaMa0f
65) Marquis Andrealphus1147Please respect copyright.PENANAOGuNmX2mVS
66) Marquis Kimaris1147Please respect copyright.PENANAJNlK37ejd2
67) Duke Amdusias1147Please respect copyright.PENANAcsENobF3t9
68) King Belial1147Please respect copyright.PENANAYfcgwimhQJ
69) Marquis Decarabia1147Please respect copyright.PENANARWUyTOjjIA
70) Prince Seere1147Please respect copyright.PENANAfuzvePIyqR
71) Duke Dantalion1147Please respect copyright.PENANAuBdR8YXMYe
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1147Please respect copyright.PENANAQin536wOpO
Ars Theurgia Goetia1147Please respect copyright.PENANAxt5KbFI7Y3
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1147Please respect copyright.PENANATijFsnuWR3
1147Please respect copyright.PENANAAvjqrzYyIT
Ars Paulina1147Please respect copyright.PENANAdgGIXQvBn3
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1147Please respect copyright.PENANAjyiXzSkc9y
Ars Almadel1147Please respect copyright.PENANAk5pyUH7Ag6
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1147Please respect copyright.PENANApDniYbyRLR
Ars Notoria1147Please respect copyright.PENANALWJvQwUExS
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1147Please respect copyright.PENANAsvtKJqsyzo
1147Please respect copyright.PENANAIwsGMZK0Ux
It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1147Please respect copyright.PENANA6rlWy0kpOK
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1147Please respect copyright.PENANA9Ya9UNdIyj
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1147Please respect copyright.PENANAF8iWGTBSzy
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1147Please respect copyright.PENANArlZ3mxDwP0
5 Invidia (Envy)1147Please respect copyright.PENANAB70qnw5nXp
6 Ira (wrath)1147Please respect copyright.PENANAnqPJUhcFgg
7 Acedia (sloth)1147Please respect copyright.PENANAILPYtploav
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
ns216.73.216.65da2