A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ42oKSYye9S
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyCIrJYc7tG
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxklYsPZUTX
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkaLNH5Mizp
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvoA9wCFMho
try or install ubuntu207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr23gIOBjPH
choose your language: english207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWuOKWSSnTm
accessibility in ubuntu: next207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgMmvfS4aJe
select your keyboard layout: english(US)207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcNDPPrqTsQ
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7NTfYJzuMQ
install ubuntu207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ81fRib2LWM
interactive installation207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJnA0yCfjRE
extended selection207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZmSnDSPJIV
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Y4RUTtryL
check: download and install support for additional media formats207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw80qUA01kl
erase disk and install ubuntu207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHBb5v1sQ6E
choose sdb207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qTCnOGoqW
your name: buda 207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtfsGz8vdZ8
your computer's name: vultr207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvjzsSr6rKw
your username: buda 207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWub3eZFV67
timezone: shanghai207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVInvAXWyk4
install207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs7q4Ld2hPx
restart now207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDN8SHj9UKX
拔出U盘, 按enter键
207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsMh6D71SVk
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrFztfd61ct
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiCtpjaeLCl
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLT1KyeBNWw
# cd /usr/src/glibc207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqvKE0nSL6m
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0CEAX8XFTQ
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQzP94JhHwQ
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCiJwSPcIBa
# usermod -a -G root buda207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhtcDh6gf32
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJEj7gOalH
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF6aZOjgrby
apt show rethinkdb207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmKadnJBzzb
apt remove rethinkdb207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjV9xiPP8DL
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4V6ZeZQ8CO
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdM4hQBtkF5
sudo apt update
207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEUyT07hgTU
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEtLCIT0L8O
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWpF2w32yOR
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwmlvoSMx9q
编辑配置文件207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhOEOilR5x2
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWd24nhFbIw
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGqGQeNOXKQ
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy4MKCG5Ebd
patch:207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6B0oaLMxtT
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9futwik6U2
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeS939Y4Qzy
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeZCLZo7Gau
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡofZEKlT4Go
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZY687AM5xa
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI8QOWQyloT
--------------------------------------------------------------207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAfJjUhXmg9
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZdexyZFXu2
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKLodkNlo9e
部署rime输入法：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2EFbBmHjfb
# ibus restart207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡET4RuVsMdQ
# ibus engine rime207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUExxEHESPu
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Qkv98Njmf
按shift键进行中英输入转换207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3weYhhw8Hy
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgUuYWqjKuN
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyhMQkAcgNd
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOqtNEyCbej
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7bGmSrtyBS
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKpM5YxpiX2
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjuyBcIOiu6
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfwYLgidDKx
# cd ~/Downloads207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnaa1FCxP0k
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnbEkpCtfmD
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuXOK9eeKHE
# node -v207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlj9PDVy0QE
# npm install npm@latest -g207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Y8TgsX1D7
# npm config get registry207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLxqlwKLeu3
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMPobVxQP8c
如果想用回官方registry:207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgLlYNeCZEe
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68XTufSFze
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtLoCJZQNsO
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDu34eSnXtM
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX2fOUsS3XI
# nvm install --lts207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD5xAkWtVqA
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa9gTlHWVsO
npm i package_name207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfPWU9yIXA
项目更新207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGybaButDNZ
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡimQFMDEzY3
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJqROlBlG5e
如果不存在，生成证书207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNPJTIhdVGP
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTNF8fiKqFX
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaIJRDdoziX
将证书拷贝到服务器207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdRywhxWd0P
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU4V2dbYCVw
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAAfvQ5ygKU
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkxcNT0TLI0
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnDwETMwWs4
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvrfql26ao5
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRsa4Q2hJpE
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOeOa4LjmJn
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6xMAvH2Tqp
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ96JSoRHbbY
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa7rNWykMnE
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJmlHldbkSe
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzSmwmU02e
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1LZTKxBtCv
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT6ciqWMBD9
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ4xOD0YTxk
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYgeME292hk
# ufw allow 22207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRlSAyQ4yIw
# ufw allow 80207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB7q6iKMANg
# ufw allow 443207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw7b3TSnCzQ
# ufw enable207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEotUsE5vwF
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuti5P7NFv7
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ37AKbxl7jg
# passwd root207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8YNJYYhOdY
# usermod -a -G groupA username207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5gnm8bpwUF
# groups username
修改hostname207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEeCL1Hgubb
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡca4VOozYxo
# lscpu
查看内存207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjrZruWWnpO
# free -h207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2tFJkR0Lzt
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIK11rs33Ut
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIvzmm9ZpIi
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEKXn9Qfw8E
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFoOB4a5m3J
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuzmvgZZAdq
用sudo执行：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5xr71SWXAE
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyle0Y4lwgZ
查看硬盘207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBxKTfSrsbT
# sudo lshw -c disk207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0IL0RFYbtE
查看分区207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNtMpLSt6Jr
# sudo fdisk -l207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHKAKY01EMS
查看磁盘剩余空间207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9LshskMG78
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡndsVxd1nTd
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlSHgskZ16T
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ14VqLCwJTO
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM0RwtQCnPY
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0VlbZfRSWw
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡki5BkCkRuI
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDKRxlmkGuh
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYZLn5gcELN
g：所属组（group）。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB4Ni7PmRVL
o：其他用户（others）。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh0skEkQWzR
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmaOyK7CglB
操作符：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY5KCRIXlND
+：添加权限。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVKERz27lcE
-：移除权限。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDT3bvOCEyM
=：设置权限。207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHgDFQgn8IQ
權限：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcL4vJSIwzF
r（读） = 4207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHv0ULFvl6O
w（写） = 2207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHwQK88NsFE
x（执行） = 1207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ08A0evhmb7
-（无权限） = 0207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt4XR2r0O0l
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGICDV1pkBt
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTlwj1QCYAq
5 = r-x（4 + 1）207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvH9fJNBeNY
6 = rw-（4 + 2）207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ3xsPnkqR5
207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY30x5RIXjD
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTGWlGcqRsF
添加alias, 比如：207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOl4b8luste
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY4oYKbnDYF
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn8caoUQS8B
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdQfTy3vJex
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]207Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcCr3hEuRBK
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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