A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDKjgftrH6s
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmyXyQ56Cop
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5tImWvWcSB
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMRB6bYxzM7
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjwQJMQVwqR
try or install ubuntu160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP0YFySEXvu
choose your language: english160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWuApi2ViMg
accessibility in ubuntu: next160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi070qjppyL
select your keyboard layout: english(US)160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvDW2LIJbX1
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbDUlbB2i2G
install ubuntu160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8430nO4NZk
interactive installation160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeAxWVbz0yU
extended selection160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYLGVcGs3TY
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGzsj7HTB2x
check: download and install support for additional media formats160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2w955dgp1V
erase disk and install ubuntu160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZYOBbwNvYi
choose sdb160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkNzSL1Tn1h
your name: buda 160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRvLQOQQVWc
your computer's name: vultr160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsV4nyUfLTR
your username: buda 160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsKGkxVF5NT
timezone: shanghai160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcJqNyN8E81
install160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGGycceLyHT
restart now160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRlcPnTlOCy
拔出U盘, 按enter键
160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL32ankFLhP
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPRKshtv4iC
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJUV2gNkSaO
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsjh4jywTAj
# cd /usr/src/glibc160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPNjIpUrJES
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwxAkgVac2o
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNJ3BYnUAls
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ziitPYTHE
# usermod -a -G root buda160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDZtTqTVLbM
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY0LubAyZLw
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZRnbiBG3Dc
apt show rethinkdb160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsMyZG22kAH
apt remove rethinkdb160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm44vaCYNBF
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjSzpCqmIYR
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr0VLA5AFtz
sudo apt update
160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiFZ3XdG1VQ
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL7PoMaYIR8
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkDxNMPxa65
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEhsyrF3nHA
编辑配置文件160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfRKOPh8NDu
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwOR4aOmEAR
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3iPNrmbaRh
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdRiF6pNJSZ
patch:160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0fVNhmbkN7
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJwTdI2RZ27
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbDZ6PNU8Lw
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq6CzGrIb5r
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡETFLZVzCaT
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa9bWvtqoIZ
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRDEt6jHlhz
--------------------------------------------------------------160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKmWeyJOo33
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0WGWaPRz9X
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLiQwaexPqE
部署rime输入法：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyorTmnU71h
# ibus restart160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqKKcoJ3kpe
# ibus engine rime160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbaOgCp75MY
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvFH1e3VYVs
按shift键进行中英输入转换160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzhfzJzaniX
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNfQD8QO0g5
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAjuEztIUYD
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxjZzlbYFaz
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFarFR0fBLj
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZsqc1IkyjP
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ3hfgfLFPl
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOOKzzS3Vc7
# cd ~/Downloads160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ56PYvAuCRx
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1QzvLSWY9m
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1rZahbnLaV
# node -v160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0ANGI7NiN4
# npm install npm@latest -g160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKq2QtxgmIl
# npm config get registry160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOLgbM1yd7f
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYJVZ9pyr2x
如果想用回官方registry:160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6Nxp1rz0e
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmKZGqu4Ik9
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMrAoMmhD4
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdQ0a91vg4
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PM8AgHfPi
# nvm install --lts160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLgGnv4KTO3
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjYDSxTxocM
npm i package_name160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIaCdFL2cZ0
项目更新160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyADywkeWwb
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1uxd0sJKnb
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdHV4nKozSJ
如果不存在，生成证书160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3mZUYy2gqp
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hYFhwpIif
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKafiEOaq1r
将证书拷贝到服务器160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSB5VBBtFuu
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xo2raqx40
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPCeCPuicf1
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsCejiEDQWD
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLvJNR2x8EN
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXAEk6DCHZW
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs4Badi10WS
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCNuvI3Z2Rt
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW0bIJmMFPV
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7a5FsvAlpF
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe8WOaQu2jI
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNeZCXFzNfx
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEGJSkC4VUB
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvzJulS3jsS
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy71h93gEHu
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZEPzEcdFc0
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Gs12l58M1
# ufw allow 22160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡspBKKAGYSH
# ufw allow 80160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1mzy2UHm09
# ufw allow 443160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMur6Oe8lYi
# ufw enable160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8k1z3rBP8l
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb0FAJKjsnR
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLZiYBxRc6o
# passwd root160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVc2s9ZnKN1
# usermod -a -G groupA username160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfLeHl1DNiq
# groups username
修改hostname160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjLcpNSwLWV
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlfKgYCeTxI
# lscpu
查看内存160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRZURbM34xY
# free -h160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx9FdzIaCQ4
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6WeLvHKjAV
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡluT2eUkzZP
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAgRZazK20B
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLp60S1PjtH
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSbE5qbjiyF
用sudo执行：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo8QjJgncFd
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjvQbZA5MYC
查看硬盘160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjH8AQwjWHV
# sudo lshw -c disk160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyNbQt6tlI4
查看分区160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDZONpusCAc
# sudo fdisk -l160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP2yy0BuZ6N
查看磁盘剩余空间160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIkSez2AgNm
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4vxQG2i9yT
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjV374ENiOP
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZKnlJxsZY
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzQJKn9eAIH
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡppmV0lm6xF
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF2IHNLeVa2
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfIRNodi9sZ
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX370l3lwaf
g：所属组（group）。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlq2w30Am5P
o：其他用户（others）。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8fEKhihSDy
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrTRHHscInS
操作符：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVD3OEXHeem
+：添加权限。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWsfRKYSX2f
-：移除权限。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx3XbRZVCos
=：设置权限。160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3H1ktgVfTh
權限：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKiznso9Ukd
r（读） = 4160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwxwtwL63Dk
w（写） = 2160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHwzPIbv0S1
x（执行） = 1160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBA34YMvHk1
-（无权限） = 0160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkiFcMZTnLB
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKckWSXyKSm
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbMNDEAVwA1
5 = r-x（4 + 1）160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNKqtTmWMUR
6 = rw-（4 + 2）160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2w2zBo4XcO
160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCzZaaG1IDA
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbGLx4OWoQu
添加alias, 比如：160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgSUeaWKqM1
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡedAoFrjGRJ
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl2Ewe1xz9h
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ88qgf5VsyN
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]160Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOAutpxpJOP
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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