A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJGdq1ePfJs
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9aqTXXnt3D
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG6lvnUeD87
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvehA3StCd7
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa1eDaWHNxM
try or install ubuntu104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyMb8Z36YsR
choose your language: english104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfpc5orrZws
accessibility in ubuntu: next104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmRpzr47dxe
select your keyboard layout: english(US)104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqiHeWeDTDW
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3UeigGB6qO
install ubuntu104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfbT8sKQiWi
interactive installation104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvMsjyOFF6Z
extended selection104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxpRl0mYjdw
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvUxQEgF7O3
check: download and install support for additional media formats104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdvOFRS3ZJB
erase disk and install ubuntu104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtTFohowvWC
choose sdb104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdTGiuKjOCv
your name: buda 104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe0JdFpWnzg
your computer's name: vultr104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj2Am9piJtb
your username: buda 104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOfnjqWiTJv
timezone: shanghai104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA4iDcZ6EfA
install104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFa0X7p7Pu9
restart now104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD2PDgh2Lae
拔出U盘, 按enter键
104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJht0o7rdb6
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPwQxw6fEAM
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqgFmUQbb46
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsGnqd5GvkG
# cd /usr/src/glibc104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM2nzb9894Y
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiG5P0qz2If
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyElJ6cocrL
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWmxyvcLAwS
# usermod -a -G root buda104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXN2rEIeDdV
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqaGFAvOzsl
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh8LSwkKvuw
apt show rethinkdb104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGhKwbwGnEA
apt remove rethinkdb104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSVDZVhOntu
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYc3rNkk7uB
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVmozKKV4PZ
sudo apt update
104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1g2gmkhr5Z
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB0uyTVSuWo
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl7Be4r7s9B
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFPIDHH8by6
编辑配置文件104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLgmloKjIPU
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcpunhz9Ejb
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQmmU04UAKn
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKCpCOXBFeT
patch:104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjSl70ijsEs
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIFplkZcCBA
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYvA8RjqTJQ
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Z9szsgKyo
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbuOfcKOcHL
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0LvkqoJ4k4
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnMAUIBFbXx
--------------------------------------------------------------104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOzGineFhdf
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvuy8FldACJ
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfCIDWU0kJ5
部署rime输入法：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡknUEf9wglh
# ibus restart104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0bMGxWoG78
# ibus engine rime104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuA7p7TiIM0
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHGUy26a1YZ
按shift键进行中英输入转换104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5yflUiAC1
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXsNG2fDbie
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq9jp0ljlC8
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDsOFU0vTfn
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEDaMy3k6XX
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8rpntZqRgx
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs3PbzNzh3t
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ21n30nW9Kt
# cd ~/Downloads104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3DIXnj9kv
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhLZFoDTla5
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY1fHPbRDtd
# node -v104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡknmLrVwGLa
# npm install npm@latest -g104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5NpETHqb8J
# npm config get registry104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2GTkKaHCIe
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZTZqmewUhU
如果想用回官方registry:104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUrU19CbY6Q
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZPZwsAPIGE
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF96zS9dvG0
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ63g3vMby1g
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBWXzOjW2IZ
# nvm install --lts104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNcQpqHUvKu
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx8T8RPrEbZ
npm i package_name104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjYqBcYbMfy
项目更新104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyNPVsViV0D
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Dkp5SuMdQ
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3bhzeKVaGU
如果不存在，生成证书104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkC2qtpx1It
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpwT59aVpMk
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLw1gYTvbLa
将证书拷贝到服务器104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡypTKf69yST
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1u1FPZ9pKb
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA9x5xJd96V
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCc3dCmRY3t
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6eyjge321t
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbYyNO8g1ci
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwljRF3ZIqY
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡplwB18tEd1
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVVTdLdZwQj
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ47wMAQLsL3
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq40jX55UsX
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Gb28SnPUI
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfgOs7gAwxm
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFrcNkzZsAv
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuHOR7t1iWR
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgoN7je70FX
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlwWcVNBjL6
# ufw allow 22104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTN2hxnzFqg
# ufw allow 80104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpE8CpydQWl
# ufw allow 443104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU9fqIQUmJq
# ufw enable104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsqYEHMOT4m
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrzx7EBTnHl
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKTGfKakL8Q
# passwd root104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKtbOXueglt
# usermod -a -G groupA username104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNKS5MfdJdY
# groups username
修改hostname104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6TeVm2Rymd
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOxIFf4MIsb
# lscpu
查看内存104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡthaPp74Lmm
# free -h104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4l9m53np5W
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo8zsTLyEH3
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlTSgsOm6J8
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ5mmneBC2E
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5UKazK8kEa
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0vstMv7EJe
用sudo执行：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrvlw6dewS8
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGHQcbc0GEC
查看硬盘104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdjJGOfoNF1
# sudo lshw -c disk104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyP293uZjZF
查看分区104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGl6iYgAW7T
# sudo fdisk -l104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmg9EouhECw
查看磁盘剩余空间104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1TZdLcRXwn
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlPOsV2NQ4k
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1qa5J3ewg0
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiIFzhkdbIB
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz7tA0hDh5V
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡolYDIVHonJ
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2HTh1upGEx
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXVjETbEvRQ
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdE1j4tn36P
g：所属组（group）。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8z6cPaS4gO
o：其他用户（others）。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPLJknFNxux
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8TyfzTGxZf
操作符：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIWPiCYdDt1
+：添加权限。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgScA1031OM
-：移除权限。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOCh8wsw3h8
=：设置权限。104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpEc0pbkJki
權限：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7AFUYbdBzH
r（读） = 4104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq873QOVh1Z
w（写） = 2104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSxQCdfDFa8
x（执行） = 1104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkk0sCPOhO3
-（无权限） = 0104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGAYCoGGYPP
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoPJh2lyPrD
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd6LHBxvZCX
5 = r-x（4 + 1）104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKwub2fnwTq
6 = rw-（4 + 2）104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6cBri0Q8OV
104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8p2cXb0oEo
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3jbzWtKQ8h
添加alias, 比如：104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWYwB8ttm3E
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡotbMc5frjr
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhtrrK7e5SC
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDATQ2H26VS
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]104Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjhHHELcHsy
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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