A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmXQnlDrvaX
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwGbn8lhkSk
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBbYD8CKK2V
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsiNhNQUSvE
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCFsaTUowQu
try or install ubuntu125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9f8aZiT9mt
choose your language: english125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPxKBl3TAfo
accessibility in ubuntu: next125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt85FHEogAQ
select your keyboard layout: english(US)125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8IlQHYWmT3
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡosDADP2VjZ
install ubuntu125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ38DuDrnncU
interactive installation125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNhcBf8MLxm
extended selection125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAekFimsVAu
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡujKCBSiEX4
check: download and install support for additional media formats125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnrJpbjABby
erase disk and install ubuntu125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBs4JGqUzpO
choose sdb125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuxZCZZ0kn0
your name: buda 125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYw7Fby8oPc
your computer's name: vultr125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgvE8uptp8I
your username: buda 125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡScy7JDbikj
timezone: shanghai125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3yuiu7kIWX
install125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ILFh1OkRs
restart now125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcNwxLuLB6L
拔出U盘, 按enter键
125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡve5Xizaipr
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ72fmaUmhPa
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq3p70BEBzA
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwdcnJ2mRuY
# cd /usr/src/glibc125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsm0MetBi8x
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7319CdyZfT
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOjLWUaLMio
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpCrroqq8Ff
# usermod -a -G root buda125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8kO6XnJjdm
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfI5zliwfol
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP4xr5tZgff
apt show rethinkdb125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJYS265HSPn
apt remove rethinkdb125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYOTbquA2md
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOlClGs0B2Y
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmbFlUndODS
sudo apt update
125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEBns6Dqr1O
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPVID1DVOMO
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6GZ7nIYCWs
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9DRjMxdwuM
编辑配置文件125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBMzW3HOppd
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsSUTkMmEsR
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkcE8yVAAD8
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGfr1TpTgkg
patch:125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfUfyQGIw8b
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtlMfaJLVMO
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOWvwBGoejv
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZMdJTPb8yy
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgWdlqnmTsp
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWXxnM2qOW8
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzAQdhLubro
--------------------------------------------------------------125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK8w9ZEmNpP
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0FQCvPQHKx
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUg4IRqH5uA
部署rime输入法：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq3Sbowy0ec
# ibus restart125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZvhdETzI4H
# ibus engine rime125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkfhIOvIoAJ
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGKSC21Ucx2
按shift键进行中英输入转换125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUi5sqXYtwl
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHXxcQJF4ws
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2YsxOYmre1
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡslgBOCyyw4
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWAovIwoyG
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT80rKvT4OX
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlQ9LrrZyBJ
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA3XBBdMp3k
# cd ~/Downloads125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3emMzokxs4
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVlGXwXTpuu
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxU2TZiLJAk
# node -v125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8d9JRTzIiY
# npm install npm@latest -g125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV6bvWvNOrW
# npm config get registry125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtiMfUzyNUD
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ckwATwuRe
如果想用回官方registry:125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQeFxIpMLer
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8IVPg9vdKG
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAbZGuV8tA8
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmpJUAYOiPs
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHR9WvnCfou
# nvm install --lts125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeVFsQTemHZ
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD6b5OZkeOc
npm i package_name125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHD36juArRe
项目更新125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEfuHBFyTsU
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdQVlCSdALy
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd2LvIcdLWt
如果不存在，生成证书125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡat09BTeASa
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡunGwHszN8R
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxlIZ1KdtA2
将证书拷贝到服务器125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMAFtxcEccN
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWWs9l7gVyS
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2MsQG54t3
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI1hH4Xb92p
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKXNEFeSTqi
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxxNorkbagF
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLWVk1XcME4
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ5Nvfp8bpS
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPn8QwjiNj1
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJWRMBF9peW
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWaV3787pLT
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo9X77gWOVR
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo16nQ9Rr1b
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbdnVbbOAx0
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHvmdfJti3l
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFXlpnpQ9uu
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQh5VKBtIJF
# ufw allow 22125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3zlCSDrLD3
# ufw allow 80125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjFCfjjuxLa
# ufw allow 443125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5nAhGcLjNW
# ufw enable125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFICqyAcmPS
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ71HMim443f
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNUENgNeefG
# passwd root125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpJw3eZd2KQ
# usermod -a -G groupA username125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuTU07dWiGV
# groups username
修改hostname125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx6Kr4PFQRV
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2DslgAhhUV
# lscpu
查看内存125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6zvhe7SdOu
# free -h125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3mfBFcNZj9
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOOkvw6G0q8
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIMuo8cMGuC
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfi6IQmZCL2
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC29apIbnBV
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh8hGb1lhD7
用sudo执行：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3tGHdyA0cF
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq5e3luOBR1
查看硬盘125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBnuFEyYw8D
# sudo lshw -c disk125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡni9O9pEnwG
查看分区125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo30wywYq0b
# sudo fdisk -l125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtE5G4NP6HA
查看磁盘剩余空间125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqwyBPkZb5g
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwPAyoZvW1G
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCLWl5AEkxq
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8m0pCbRbPd
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgIN0eSPTaL
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFfFm6LZkUf
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqP2emCEGed
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmRaojA0nXF
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy7TtQctmlZ
g：所属组（group）。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡubhutbSjsR
o：其他用户（others）。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ40c6hvsku
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtz9bQPc39n
操作符：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ29SjfjZIJx
+：添加权限。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOUHwAyVGde
-：移除权限。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB28qMzNMsr
=：设置权限。125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKW02ytN7W4
權限：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgs8e6LyYUg
r（读） = 4125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0vZCckMYoI
w（写） = 2125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡft7KXJbKyG
x（执行） = 1125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡETmWq4Q7CH
-（无权限） = 0125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKTJWx2cEZc
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqtwN3FyFEH
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCpAsKGgD13
5 = r-x（4 + 1）125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7QtewipAKX
6 = rw-（4 + 2）125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnC7kfAzMWM
125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKp6U9b7wxC
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4JMiUZXZKn
添加alias, 比如：125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUGnZyNUhyX
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPUJcPBNpS0
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL0XEMcb1m8
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4fhkk7Cjd9
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]125Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE8qcqulHGt
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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