A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpJV6FjLy36
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7vKVZXAz7G
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ66OnwukOPi
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqQVTP43d7l
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpjku4QvpL2
try or install ubuntu181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVk6zdfDowe
choose your language: english181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdo5X8lTa5q
accessibility in ubuntu: next181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNTQyEFBE1s
select your keyboard layout: english(US)181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf0K53ujd8c
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ82qSrKJab0
install ubuntu181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwmnIohnlAx
interactive installation181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2mcZbwC1z
extended selection181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Afzl1VAp0
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvludS7gpMV
check: download and install support for additional media formats181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡly8QnpqGW2
erase disk and install ubuntu181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOCyG2yfhbU
choose sdb181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUrwVG1GEKU
your name: buda 181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuLvL1MMOMW
your computer's name: vultr181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDG1rM4bLej
your username: buda 181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXBZiaKHfYp
timezone: shanghai181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjAR8kwwW7V
install181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyli38EV3vg
restart now181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtqMiE7dya7
拔出U盘, 按enter键
181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhNeHsDivI3
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2aHjSAmb4u
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbCYc1GCJSm
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7JmM15wyhy
# cd /usr/src/glibc181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1hNBWt4GFW
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEtkp3qxxa6
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfazSa1IIbU
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuHjfY0Jsgo
# usermod -a -G root buda181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGSFzkquy7M
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgfQNkgd3r7
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPumd7vxhAf
apt show rethinkdb181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4OBrYJh0l
apt remove rethinkdb181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo03dqhZQ63
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeQibju9pBv
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSBvX84iZ7d
sudo apt update
181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeoUuN3xLot
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCQX3Yer9I1
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbOdsFKNu9A
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKrdnKyCt9y
编辑配置文件181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC7CbCJS1Pq
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO8k2bFug5n
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX5dhrngK1L
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfq6qtV0C7N
patch:181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJwXSwfDMMO
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3xI477k8YX
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjWRh813kPS
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWVavOQ3HBP
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡngp4jGrPpq
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8M2Wku7RUB
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡau8ZPDf28E
--------------------------------------------------------------181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0HQIjrqnu5
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvSSGqdjl2j
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlWjz3PQAZu
部署rime输入法：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmZytCAto2T
# ibus restart181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvgNdyK7gqu
# ibus engine rime181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG4PxAVl8TG
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc2HnFgDWhk
按shift键进行中英输入转换181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxPNOY6VbVE
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡii6P0N7G32
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPKm1IvcDZU
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbwf1P3ZcKc
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKIsxoMLEEB
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLDMzukmnjA
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr7J5Uq2Phg
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPcSOMgSyN3
# cd ~/Downloads181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuztZbGNMr1
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQwyj0cdsS1
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOTsLgcNLVD
# node -v181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm8OJOb9ygr
# npm install npm@latest -g181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqG0PGv82wZ
# npm config get registry181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPLsOoXV8gU
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBDExTm6qBp
如果想用回官方registry:181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV51Iv3jN5B
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLmD4TaHHfH
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVzEdhZveou
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo82AR0TpW2
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmviCfjSfjO
# nvm install --lts181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5AszmrxBHs
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMoEfcdEgqL
npm i package_name181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtnPBnIgVUY
项目更新181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSfEU3oRlR3
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl6YuCPZbvY
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡORd8EsBN1l
如果不存在，生成证书181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8uNbAe5BhB
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbA9CvKKI1G
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzcIQkZ5ul2
将证书拷贝到服务器181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlUPXArNZBp
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHODWloCT7s
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2HVOsxpcVz
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVdzzXf51Dd
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTClouVx7wf
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5BPtfSql2y
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJnodiIZ4BD
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCmFj9tXdyw
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDpU6Q44YB2
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCDMwp26oEb
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd2BGxvHB0z
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlcW5Bgk2bb
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvX6rFLKWNr
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1cZPe3QLep
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhdzEHV0Elh
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXQNsK9gXuj
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Pw2R1Pgtz
# ufw allow 22181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVns3Shk1bo
# ufw allow 80181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHPvl4r1CIQ
# ufw allow 443181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIb2vQHl0HL
# ufw enable181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGLVlMV5y0U
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCSLhwPoKDn
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39ifjwL6ha
# passwd root181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuVjEgfzvy5
# usermod -a -G groupA username181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbVN9JeZCkN
# groups username
修改hostname181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwo7U3TztGh
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYbNJyK64qQ
# lscpu
查看内存181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKL2nHdI1TU
# free -h181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2xeKeBFsJb
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM2VDz44SoF
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPVOT2mwmtK
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLQg6KhlZkp
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qeOPjetBp
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNiK3xqFHEz
用sudo执行：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwvlSGM63dA
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlh6N8TUCU4
查看硬盘181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu7Ms8KNp2v
# sudo lshw -c disk181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwTYAvLc5LM
查看分区181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ57YV8y4nMw
# sudo fdisk -l181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMBUabgfYW
查看磁盘剩余空间181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK2G6bHCsZo
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7013e1LIIh
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKbOI9Av6hg
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFImHLm7jq4
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsntKCId6Mt
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwyzJUApdek
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqYTi5ZXuRp
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk0HTZbw68j
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡogv7o0myEe
g：所属组（group）。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTjIfka7yWT
o：其他用户（others）。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOE3FlZCZ5C
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXiNFZFimuH
操作符：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPxXAtrafvv
+：添加权限。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLR9ab1vVz
-：移除权限。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUfB5ZGD91Q
=：设置权限。181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwq6NfyJESl
權限：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo2wTI40och
r（读） = 4181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVzyhCUIlYE
w（写） = 2181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf13fAKenYU
x（执行） = 1181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjHgS1hqMM4
-（无权限） = 0181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuAyFx22Ynm
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUIJlArGmVL
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzVZcXjucIK
5 = r-x（4 + 1）181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIx6mnlwKUE
6 = rw-（4 + 2）181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡveLjKNAJm9
181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGfs2jIWAtJ
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0QuSDNdaJp
添加alias, 比如：181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHxpq0ar3mI
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzSUtPENMUn
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrcDFvSsLu6
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPp19do6aGg
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]181Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdXSUh2F9PS
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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