A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYQcf0soJdj
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN2BIipvJVH
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc19oirAdr8
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXNLbKOE8Ua
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrqi7TGDPKZ
try or install ubuntu124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkJcRfIFcb7
choose your language: english124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8zTF8DbVQ6
accessibility in ubuntu: next124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7mUIdhKulx
select your keyboard layout: english(US)124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxSOUrBpACs
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVC0tuRZsjK
install ubuntu124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNvH1N6MhS
interactive installation124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJPuNaKJxna
extended selection124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIzCykdMETm
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCRq746Or1b
check: download and install support for additional media formats124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn9fK9W56XE
erase disk and install ubuntu124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjFUelbRQjj
choose sdb124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6CWMZqhaYb
your name: buda 124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb5fGyx52HW
your computer's name: vultr124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5WrKWdfptV
your username: buda 124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU2jXAbKtdr
timezone: shanghai124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOii2z7y4eR
install124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHguudKCb4a
restart now124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFNvUbboPMq
拔出U盘, 按enter键
124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv19Qg7CBpj
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡboBqZqMxqA
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq2QzCV7ZBn
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzL8a8hzauq
# cd /usr/src/glibc124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡozUwIMp54v
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqMdLKO99ga
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWthnzAyNeG
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTvtsPTZlH1
# usermod -a -G root buda124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHWTWGEfpaz
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVXkNkgFI8A
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaKk0TIc2ma
apt show rethinkdb124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAURsMiBcpo
apt remove rethinkdb124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMhqVkEpzHC
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1zdEGaB1EF
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiDoiinelj2
sudo apt update
124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgnIunMwUSu
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbTZjH6VF24
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCnyv9TiAvI
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpV3OBOrDUS
编辑配置文件124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1vBOkcJUdN
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5EPz8a2Ohz
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZcAcZpp7W1
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2tt5KpStst
patch:124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4aKaScemKC
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWWQ9cO9Vye
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDOaXDJV8zZ
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFv7Qm40YCO
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvYJmuwTirN
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRQBzCY92af
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxuh9iVfrOy
--------------------------------------------------------------124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNsmSaDXaJT
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvn557MU5or
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWqFy77aGV1
部署rime输入法：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2sqXzQWM0l
# ibus restart124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnnvpj4QYnO
# ibus engine rime124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYNVqmo5xNx
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYrwQZbFH1A
按shift键进行中英输入转换124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdfaMPpz1LF
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYxWxwEnl6N
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1x5VPirSIT
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyEJTkniWEE
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCqeV3YtEmX
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe0SoX2ZjmY
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsLtXVEyKpD
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNfgB335zx5
# cd ~/Downloads124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo1dJdZImau
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm8EkgDXyDN
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvdmiTCVFg2
# node -v124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcuo8aKbPEY
# npm install npm@latest -g124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2eBrUr8FwS
# npm config get registry124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLMqT3y9jKm
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy8rS0enl90
如果想用回官方registry:124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnX4BUpMlQ2
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn9pxu4b0Ta
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEOG5Ofc9nb
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFb3RClmMsY
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzKz3ZrWeg0
# nvm install --lts124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0wnKvKKVWN
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNOhHy6uet5
npm i package_name124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDWHG2yXYcU
项目更新124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4k9cteAIgv
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9uEXwSw2En
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb1aPQZJijM
如果不存在，生成证书124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFe0juhm8Ie
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0FTjktOzLl
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCtMhD37QFC
将证书拷贝到服务器124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0OPVj5GIqR
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6cHGTkwNu5
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBLTvcmSnZ4
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxveBhZtyca
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAsh2hSRiUw
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIgezO5fF04
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRRDmp6k2tb
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSnnKoPGFbv
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFZGVEjaJPc
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPIRO5afb2M
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyAJNK1MA4o
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTtHG1uSx6s
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5texFvHSqm
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdb3cveNe3e
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡItgtbLDbe5
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs5RtxgdUaP
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Us9qZsP1Z
# ufw allow 22124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9U97f0hsmG
# ufw allow 80124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoBhcAx0INU
# ufw allow 443124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRPPeztkbEp
# ufw enable124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4lCuiRxvyI
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtMA0hkOcNk
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvRrrZDSVCV
# passwd root124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbLU9kcZYKp
# usermod -a -G groupA username124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6BEnLVb4p3
# groups username
修改hostname124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMZeoeffRcv
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkrM4zOwpjd
# lscpu
查看内存124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYJUQ0199W9
# free -h124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ340XpGxnVr
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDwxxef1g0P
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrT1NYS7Ezu
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2HGOlejxXI
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgoKuWflIsl
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvbYNG3XB3Q
用sudo执行：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL6LYG2g0ee
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHcaTuEVSsP
查看硬盘124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvNbusJxyBq
# sudo lshw -c disk124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡso7h2Q2hPE
查看分区124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk8lGQTzGsb
# sudo fdisk -l124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrPbY2vDpsh
查看磁盘剩余空间124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPCAFwzPeL4
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMkD1XQBki5
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtDDrebPYR7
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvlxmV982Oq
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCpRzj7N57I
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUS8Vxm5tUd
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6cszt6kHdG
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCbbwqwBG4S
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq8yru4Z013
g：所属组（group）。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo0VfttrGoO
o：其他用户（others）。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAMH0A6c9vB
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3lUxVIx0Ce
操作符：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlbgiLvqv8d
+：添加权限。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS49ssjPsU6
-：移除权限。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlZb2javxNr
=：设置权限。124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqm6DVAnp6a
權限：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPTIWnPQmuT
r（读） = 4124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewxJLTdo1W
w（写） = 2124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEt3myRbkYV
x（执行） = 1124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEXUTtNcBFq
-（无权限） = 0124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMrRxCMdcb
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhfwCiG7yaD
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡip3WBzAVIv
5 = r-x（4 + 1）124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpc9Ha5XTSw
6 = rw-（4 + 2）124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMHywDg2PvC
124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjtraQBwWym
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHvgXqTnujI
添加alias, 比如：124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcLO0sjgeE3
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxRq9YBBty3
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv6EK4ijZko
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxSQcSJSnmu
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]124Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡin1B1WHQQc
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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