The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY0xr3gKZaS
Ars Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRTdKwbmiaV
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBl81zJryZT
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUjK08w4Lrk
2) Duke Agares1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSU1JSfxiV6
3) Prince Vassago1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Ge6gB0tJB
4) Marquis Samigina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKh6iuXMdJm
5) President Marbas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjjqF9yugjr
6) Duke Valefor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd5ZmwEvkWU
7) Marquis Amon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9wIFJjRcSy
8) Duke Barbatos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaPTWww4hZQ
9) King Paimon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ec0NLav1c
10) President Buer1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPEZyTWNInR
11) Duke Gusion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeHA3R07ATf
12) Prince Sitri1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOIedC9si8E
13) King Beleth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Yc12gT7Tq
14) Marquis Leraje1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡizuC2cDwym
15) Duke Eligos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9NAV0W8ZUi
16) Duke Zepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMC0Ol4d7JI
17) Count/President Botis1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6XA5ClnvWY
18) Duke Bathin1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡExmJdZFw2B
19) Duke Sallos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhtHVDHOUM
20) King Purson1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1tSgpAoEFY
21) Count/President Marax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHjLCrdvniE
22) Count/Prince Ipos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoxiCev3tMP
23) Duke Aim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgftfxzA3qF
24) Marquis Naberius1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhjvQIJrwZn
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡosvUaydwFZ
26) Duke Buné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrkFm5I4Gdv
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeql0VnlmJ8
28) Duke Berith1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaRx1ls1wD1
29) Duke Astaroth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVxWzwlZasC
30) Marquis Forneus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuE753szrca
31) President Foras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwhnsrtOF4G
32) King Asmoday1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡemkjNmMaz4
33) Prince/President Gäap1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNx2SEwrzbs
34) Count Furfur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84yVA4B58v
35) Marquis Marchosias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUif2UGMqqr
36) Prince Stolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU3k5PPKi71
37) Marquis Phenex1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEUulgPjXEX
38) Count Halphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNmdGYWCqnk
39) President Malphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡae3iOKbp7q
40) Count Räum1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1wkmCrcDje
41) Duke Focalor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPMfb7XTmjt
42) Duke Vepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo80bwbSCrb
43) Marquis Sabnock1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRpmr6iqq11
44) Marquis Shax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡihFXHPUR28
45) King/Count Viné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Oj9c1x3es
46) Count Bifrons1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlgeIwIFA5D
47) Duke Vual1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiRQjQnEng0
48) President Haagenti1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3prtdWV2kQ
49) Duke Crocell1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5RbxyMKpkB
50) Knight Furcas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡorHOxYA2l2
51) King Balam1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn8BlZQODh1
52) Duke Alloces1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFeSCMaXnLc
53) President Caim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGpn5iNpQPB
54) Duke/Count Murmur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTW9arkSqa
55) Prince Orobas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkegKewCbl2
56) Duke Gremory1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4iAtRnZmF4
57) President Ose1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEH2anf3wUT
58) President Amy1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiQb3xTtO6r
59) Marquis Orias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2kwfKC7YF0
60) Duke Vapula1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiCc3M1t0k6
61) King/President Zagan1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH2tNKySAOm
62) President Valac1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl1SkU3b0jd
63) Marquis Andras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbJw6wPCNAI
64) Duke Flauros1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2NlRLAMuL
65) Marquis Andrealphus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMiXpOGZlMz
66) Marquis Kimaris1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡufRc9I8CQe
67) Duke Amdusias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhhveA7SP5Z
68) King Belial1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUspt6MLq8D
69) Marquis Decarabia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqu5ZgNOFNz
70) Prince Seere1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtswLREwkV7
71) Duke Dantalion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfqffMiEoyK
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Fow9Va166
Ars Theurgia Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaAujc2gIQD
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7389LOBiOU
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Ars Paulina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpkLHhtXGQ9
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3FokYFXRvc
Ars Almadel1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuwEQ2tgDnZ
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVbvs5wrOPD
Ars Notoria1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzQFHhGjc7W
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZCaCqJbqNz
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeO9f2hjis3
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt48FwMHMo0
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh7XQluTHV1
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgyzoiYdoya
5 Invidia (Envy)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡptT8HobMkK
6 Ira (wrath)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhWk5AjdqO
7 Acedia (sloth)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZNnFvPzOZp
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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