The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡURKwNUgH7E
Ars Goetia1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNw3EjmyMtU
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1TTrmeKrwk
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpRZTGNs6Qo
2) Duke Agares1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ82yumKE250
3) Prince Vassago1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoOO0wh7EBU
4) Marquis Samigina1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIW7UhQJAzV
5) President Marbas1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy7uEM9T850
6) Duke Valefor1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb4XcEO8JFe
7) Marquis Amon1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQBVonNqXt4
8) Duke Barbatos1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa3AR2SaLJd
9) King Paimon1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMHrxPtxQUA
10) President Buer1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0faH9xa979
11) Duke Gusion1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ8u36vwAKT
12) Prince Sitri1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfXlvQvFOYb
13) King Beleth1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvsMAINwnXE
14) Marquis Leraje1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxnZTThKTAV
15) Duke Eligos1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtQKrwveMYz
16) Duke Zepar1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxE4aCUsMFy
17) Count/President Botis1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpwTR3Oc1Nu
18) Duke Bathin1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzdaD5s9bJ
19) Duke Sallos1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh4XBFoc44g
20) King Purson1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGJENoo0OkP
21) Count/President Marax1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCpywfAdaKj
22) Count/Prince Ipos1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7R3dXAZd08
23) Duke Aim1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSJZAfAbE6z
24) Marquis Naberius1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQs0134ScGj
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyYbAFLwPK6
26) Duke Buné1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN0pDpXwyeu
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb7HOSJ7Qve
28) Duke Berith1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNuRjDbPfo4
29) Duke Astaroth1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaulxekz0DN
30) Marquis Forneus1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkVgXIE997b
31) President Foras1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtD4bDXa3fr
32) King Asmoday1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYENPbZIgXY
33) Prince/President Gäap1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVRpGkg30to
34) Count Furfur1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvT9A1xZc4X
35) Marquis Marchosias1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAlpth3UAWp
36) Prince Stolas1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRt10Uvb2YG
37) Marquis Phenex1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqRwBLCQWzL
38) Count Halphas1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKvixeEccW3
39) President Malphas1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvjVHnLkIFE
40) Count Räum1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzScPk2gp0s
41) Duke Focalor1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZ3ObiiMKT
42) Duke Vepar1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM7OX7MAFYT
43) Marquis Sabnock1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm5GcYSM9tt
44) Marquis Shax1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQiaHv3pcFz
45) King/Count Viné1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOj5oUUHnsM
46) Count Bifrons1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxaya0aUPnC
47) Duke Vual1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVeS2WoHA0m
48) President Haagenti1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrOfAJBgf1q
49) Duke Crocell1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKZe3E8eAf
50) Knight Furcas1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3dvkBN6WjH
51) King Balam1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJzqPvM1blU
52) Duke Alloces1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOPF9LdLZxu
53) President Caim1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqdvkxCkc4O
54) Duke/Count Murmur1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgfzirKUHrR
55) Prince Orobas1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡma11TCI7He
56) Duke Gremory1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWijZdDTUv2
57) President Ose1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpjCzy95f6D
58) President Amy1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBT3uhMtbBp
59) Marquis Orias1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTJGB4pVOs
60) Duke Vapula1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN48laXDYmE
61) King/President Zagan1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOBG73XrHgC
62) President Valac1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMxbuprTo8k
63) Marquis Andras1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKluanyevCd
64) Duke Flauros1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ36PEO5SsqT
65) Marquis Andrealphus1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCPSUUqbEe5
66) Marquis Kimaris1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqnjaJKAoie
67) Duke Amdusias1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyTRP0KJfC0
68) King Belial1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡil0KIq3CwG
69) Marquis Decarabia1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwdPoVidCC7
70) Prince Seere1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrfUup91YPk
71) Duke Dantalion1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡICO4ojn3XN
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkMZZ71Yvzs
Ars Theurgia Goetia1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi6aydzK02I
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡztckqypy6r
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Ars Paulina1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRE4Im57Pl6
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBAfejtf27S
Ars Almadel1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqMEiMUJyDd
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB3huoX5X7d
Ars Notoria1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlhZM3A8Ia8
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGi0nbzwFO0
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIFm7jnGcRr
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDEXAiNaIHX
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKPKX7ANpAv
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAKNpF6y8HM
5 Invidia (Envy)1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgefZjMLbro
6 Ira (wrath)1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv21wiHEKRl
7 Acedia (sloth)1138Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ304QQd8FuQ
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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