The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1141Please respect copyright.PENANAWIbug7cvpV
Ars Goetia1141Please respect copyright.PENANAZ87EfWuAmq
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1141Please respect copyright.PENANASgxKyP8qjE
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1141Please respect copyright.PENANAlL9lxi1kV6
2) Duke Agares1141Please respect copyright.PENANAOEOn2wl94X
3) Prince Vassago1141Please respect copyright.PENANA2aTKhY3plf
4) Marquis Samigina1141Please respect copyright.PENANAli4DPWvQiS
5) President Marbas1141Please respect copyright.PENANASTjg7D2HX8
6) Duke Valefor1141Please respect copyright.PENANAPcgWzChm1g
7) Marquis Amon1141Please respect copyright.PENANAKhhjz2P0rX
8) Duke Barbatos1141Please respect copyright.PENANAaSgZoOZjtR
9) King Paimon1141Please respect copyright.PENANAAS4ha0567K
10) President Buer1141Please respect copyright.PENANAE0MTyOseVM
11) Duke Gusion1141Please respect copyright.PENANARzcrrV0Mnb
12) Prince Sitri1141Please respect copyright.PENANAhOq3clLPMj
13) King Beleth1141Please respect copyright.PENANAnd7ovBphvJ
14) Marquis Leraje1141Please respect copyright.PENANAmh4i3UY8aX
15) Duke Eligos1141Please respect copyright.PENANAaqKEwu935v
16) Duke Zepar1141Please respect copyright.PENANA9TRV6r4lHQ
17) Count/President Botis1141Please respect copyright.PENANA7oeORjVpdy
18) Duke Bathin1141Please respect copyright.PENANA5l9qjCl2ji
19) Duke Sallos1141Please respect copyright.PENANAPUIWFsw2Pe
20) King Purson1141Please respect copyright.PENANAfrGWfrbrIL
21) Count/President Marax1141Please respect copyright.PENANAvlvGYVBOiT
22) Count/Prince Ipos1141Please respect copyright.PENANAFaEYEpGevS
23) Duke Aim1141Please respect copyright.PENANAInC69vSsJL
24) Marquis Naberius1141Please respect copyright.PENANAHmWfZYFBS0
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1141Please respect copyright.PENANAJtXwSbZQNZ
26) Duke Buné1141Please respect copyright.PENANANMPp8dQRBi
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1141Please respect copyright.PENANAeEZiU47L5P
28) Duke Berith1141Please respect copyright.PENANAdfxApIcefy
29) Duke Astaroth1141Please respect copyright.PENANAC61wVzaQxi
30) Marquis Forneus1141Please respect copyright.PENANA5yrCgAT78l
31) President Foras1141Please respect copyright.PENANAakcOiYbpGQ
32) King Asmoday1141Please respect copyright.PENANAI1tZWprAct
33) Prince/President Gäap1141Please respect copyright.PENANAOAg6ti2sEV
34) Count Furfur1141Please respect copyright.PENANAsa25M1XNlq
35) Marquis Marchosias1141Please respect copyright.PENANAKAM4LP8d2W
36) Prince Stolas1141Please respect copyright.PENANAaIYgU4OxPr
37) Marquis Phenex1141Please respect copyright.PENANA9J1L3pWuK8
38) Count Halphas1141Please respect copyright.PENANA0W4af9EhLC
39) President Malphas1141Please respect copyright.PENANAnfUHLGi0dU
40) Count Räum1141Please respect copyright.PENANAB5g6zB3cfO
41) Duke Focalor1141Please respect copyright.PENANAu7XppCTheF
42) Duke Vepar1141Please respect copyright.PENANA8sM5erJsee
43) Marquis Sabnock1141Please respect copyright.PENANANaz6xYWWxv
44) Marquis Shax1141Please respect copyright.PENANAPvzbv7rXW7
45) King/Count Viné1141Please respect copyright.PENANAMBcGEZmBQz
46) Count Bifrons1141Please respect copyright.PENANA9N3RbrKzAP
47) Duke Vual1141Please respect copyright.PENANAeAmhke54n4
48) President Haagenti1141Please respect copyright.PENANA1RgAQhQSyJ
49) Duke Crocell1141Please respect copyright.PENANAPAvzdBaKNx
50) Knight Furcas1141Please respect copyright.PENANAjh8HBRZoBv
51) King Balam1141Please respect copyright.PENANAql1ffQv2YZ
52) Duke Alloces1141Please respect copyright.PENANAWoDUsNwrIf
53) President Caim1141Please respect copyright.PENANAOTtx8dv6J0
54) Duke/Count Murmur1141Please respect copyright.PENANAzyJjrH19Ne
55) Prince Orobas1141Please respect copyright.PENANAbBdZHs9lgn
56) Duke Gremory1141Please respect copyright.PENANAAYfg4d9hWF
57) President Ose1141Please respect copyright.PENANAYuHlsBgUAj
58) President Amy1141Please respect copyright.PENANAGA4BdR9oUb
59) Marquis Orias1141Please respect copyright.PENANAu1EdvkdGa5
60) Duke Vapula1141Please respect copyright.PENANAbZhWB6vTPB
61) King/President Zagan1141Please respect copyright.PENANA0TRWFkPcvc
62) President Valac1141Please respect copyright.PENANAR7peYS1unF
63) Marquis Andras1141Please respect copyright.PENANAhYSuXDskmb
64) Duke Flauros1141Please respect copyright.PENANA2kxHQZ2fcc
65) Marquis Andrealphus1141Please respect copyright.PENANA4LEy7UjGCD
66) Marquis Kimaris1141Please respect copyright.PENANAFRhyPFTejb
67) Duke Amdusias1141Please respect copyright.PENANALpkU34VhUD
68) King Belial1141Please respect copyright.PENANAacYQYCUWGT
69) Marquis Decarabia1141Please respect copyright.PENANAAkUVU8u34k
70) Prince Seere1141Please respect copyright.PENANA31UajQ59xY
71) Duke Dantalion1141Please respect copyright.PENANAEBPfoO8OHV
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1141Please respect copyright.PENANAnaicPYjI0F
Ars Theurgia Goetia1141Please respect copyright.PENANAKOruITySwv
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1141Please respect copyright.PENANAh0hDphun7Y
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Ars Paulina1141Please respect copyright.PENANA1JdG0Wa7Sx
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1141Please respect copyright.PENANATOIBmsSlx5
Ars Almadel1141Please respect copyright.PENANA7SHVbacful
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1141Please respect copyright.PENANARpl01miWfd
Ars Notoria1141Please respect copyright.PENANAzfvtUpvfEA
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1141Please respect copyright.PENANAN1fMwBhdH3
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1141Please respect copyright.PENANA13KZeBpyz3
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1141Please respect copyright.PENANA2ZuEPxnK3p
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1141Please respect copyright.PENANA2itvStWFml
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1141Please respect copyright.PENANAG5X159zSj5
5 Invidia (Envy)1141Please respect copyright.PENANAPtZhZwfeLL
6 Ira (wrath)1141Please respect copyright.PENANAjhbFVT9u1O
7 Acedia (sloth)1141Please respect copyright.PENANAVvPsuEhAKL
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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