The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6lboYfEAYn
Ars Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSh06a6QbVs
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxD4Kst27JU
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRAF831gcws
2) Duke Agares1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ358KVwo2jO
3) Prince Vassago1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMtjobWC231
4) Marquis Samigina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiJ0VDBu2dt
5) President Marbas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7HgifIBXQ2
6) Duke Valefor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ58cnjtwiJn
7) Marquis Amon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIobKU4h8H8
8) Duke Barbatos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwFf1Kp6Sc5
9) King Paimon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoaPe3ggVl4
10) President Buer1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡimp2GnK8D6
11) Duke Gusion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbBVfOMWmA5
12) Prince Sitri1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP79OWUkso9
13) King Beleth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfaxA8qe0Ol
14) Marquis Leraje1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRDXbRP5hE0
15) Duke Eligos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH8M4ze0U7O
16) Duke Zepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkt4ZCI3daE
17) Count/President Botis1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWPdsRrAzn6
18) Duke Bathin1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡslSxEfbMwS
19) Duke Sallos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvzSu1q2mCs
20) King Purson1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdxrVQJ6xUm
21) Count/President Marax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTwEswpymn
22) Count/Prince Ipos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPtZPQ3apyc
23) Duke Aim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwVx57EAttb
24) Marquis Naberius1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDScr5ZyQSx
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0jNHSOdBO6
26) Duke Buné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnnbiolX8BS
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNPbDS097u1
28) Duke Berith1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfWsLQl9tBf
29) Duke Astaroth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfwVRf2cnFZ
30) Marquis Forneus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFq1X58TWyo
31) President Foras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgaEZuaollC
32) King Asmoday1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡusjbbpMtDo
33) Prince/President Gäap1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy4gSXfZl3c
34) Count Furfur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ21jB00Ah2c
35) Marquis Marchosias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyxU7ZXZKsY
36) Prince Stolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsnqIU6GU2w
37) Marquis Phenex1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEeNTDhwsfo
38) Count Halphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOlerR8Tasl
39) President Malphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLMeeFkB3Vl
40) Count Räum1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡht4IV3slMF
41) Duke Focalor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡigyS3w6eaY
42) Duke Vepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEwTzaw64wp
43) Marquis Sabnock1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJbhbbDDqt7
44) Marquis Shax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68T2KcXo0f
45) King/Count Viné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu7LAWWfPmD
46) Count Bifrons1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1E0dgyasuX
47) Duke Vual1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4DqEkdzTP9
48) President Haagenti1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLCI5KUSqJq
49) Duke Crocell1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn2kBtyvOjc
50) Knight Furcas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfZhIdrbu3R
51) King Balam1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUkN5ICswGz
52) Duke Alloces1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6pqpvQUZS3
53) President Caim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn0h8wmHCyS
54) Duke/Count Murmur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Eb62EsHAE
55) Prince Orobas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHhGnSIVDjL
56) Duke Gremory1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Z5eZ5VV66
57) President Ose1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyaWsOUIutN
58) President Amy1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjnqN4Bewvq
59) Marquis Orias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsc8VBkhlpl
60) Duke Vapula1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr0qIjI5cqt
61) King/President Zagan1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa9tL9KuIrs
62) President Valac1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTiiDWHHYy9
63) Marquis Andras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPE6umobJ4S
64) Duke Flauros1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJaAhO0m5BU
65) Marquis Andrealphus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKf6rIXjTtB
66) Marquis Kimaris1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs6baBihFp4
67) Duke Amdusias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9mclq910Wh
68) King Belial1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZv1Xyr0wwe
69) Marquis Decarabia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzW6EJHVLig
70) Prince Seere1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjXGEN6vsKW
71) Duke Dantalion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxDzPiHG2CI
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWeM7lTtdsL
Ars Theurgia Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXJ6QNRCmPg
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOvVe8j9XXX
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Ars Paulina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXZD6KsOyvD
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNsAK4gIrao
Ars Almadel1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZi9v0miQHc
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXc6O2nbspk
Ars Notoria1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLI3Ze5ROoL
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr6jVkmlsLu
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgBD3NyoIzr
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSRG1KPiIeP
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucqEbZrYS6
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnCpOjmIV7B
5 Invidia (Envy)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqU9OUxx3gl
6 Ira (wrath)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ09q2Rj2Ph2
7 Acedia (sloth)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW76CpRTAkv
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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