The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsR3ktxKeZM
Ars Goetia1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqjHu3K31PY
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHkXtDQBESd
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8brfde5XWI
2) Duke Agares1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDZ8NlS8gT0
3) Prince Vassago1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ33XWsre5PD
4) Marquis Samigina1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTFGWGHlsdn
5) President Marbas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGys9pfyn54
6) Duke Valefor1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpDvw1zQIxH
7) Marquis Amon1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdDxAhNUqJO
8) Duke Barbatos1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaMke2l5Wrw
9) King Paimon1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJrLjTmLEbU
10) President Buer1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaQfGbEiuf8
11) Duke Gusion1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0CUGpsJpOD
12) Prince Sitri1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG2oOQqrdIV
13) King Beleth1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3qjhivLXWz
14) Marquis Leraje1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiRxfmRCBcu
15) Duke Eligos1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlujr6Vwcpa
16) Duke Zepar1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD8Chpz997n
17) Count/President Botis1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ13PZznUpor
18) Duke Bathin1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSnuy7NiiZb
19) Duke Sallos1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD7XRt5xnJF
20) King Purson1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡChZPtMFYFU
21) Count/President Marax1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE28yMaBsnU
22) Count/Prince Ipos1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLSRQsN7sME
23) Duke Aim1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhc9EGDDG0u
24) Marquis Naberius1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡubvlRtt5hk
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbZKMSdjPYK
26) Duke Buné1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaYZK2LTqVT
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2r4om0DzJQ
28) Duke Berith1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy7jaBKWDro
29) Duke Astaroth1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcL8E9aw2YY
30) Marquis Forneus1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqigSuC9eU1
31) President Foras1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPgCET45ih5
32) King Asmoday1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLfucER61Fc
33) Prince/President Gäap1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLTJ8Kmtm3X
34) Count Furfur1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmEbpG5tYvK
35) Marquis Marchosias1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUGRm5oSlFa
36) Prince Stolas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡReKQSHEfen
37) Marquis Phenex1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL2Md3yeEkP
38) Count Halphas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9aSRcOmTO0
39) President Malphas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV1MDopgeD1
40) Count Räum1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC03aWY3ymd
41) Duke Focalor1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIAQ6lJ1Qlj
42) Duke Vepar1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1qjkgCHMRG
43) Marquis Sabnock1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlJa9YK20CF
44) Marquis Shax1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaNLwCB7Gbv
45) King/Count Viné1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSqNHrEPJLv
46) Count Bifrons1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWahrCBFYq0
47) Duke Vual1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3yDgddEn5h
48) President Haagenti1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz2tKxtVte8
49) Duke Crocell1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc0O4s3CCY0
50) Knight Furcas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMaGTYozulH
51) King Balam1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuh62Elmude
52) Duke Alloces1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5y69ZzxVZN
53) President Caim1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjWpdtCt7h5
54) Duke/Count Murmur1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUBMP16nnTW
55) Prince Orobas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkWfIcRBxp5
56) Duke Gremory1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwl1Ju2sHzI
57) President Ose1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhPW4X7OBoj
58) President Amy1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfq7wQyT0wV
59) Marquis Orias1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS1muTezq2N
60) Duke Vapula1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrXvtDEyIig
61) King/President Zagan1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZHpQzuVbls
62) President Valac1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYPy3we092V
63) Marquis Andras1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmF1UFpapsv
64) Duke Flauros1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWlfwwsKbc
65) Marquis Andrealphus1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9xckwmklHf
66) Marquis Kimaris1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEuzeavGUyL
67) Duke Amdusias1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGGmjg27gs2
68) King Belial1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIe13lLFoV9
69) Marquis Decarabia1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsIQgyyFVJB
70) Prince Seere1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3yg1PM2VkG
71) Duke Dantalion1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZHTpSQI9V
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ2WsTSMsJc
Ars Theurgia Goetia1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEFx4vpO994
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqhLosIXQWD
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Ars Paulina1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxBjo8iF9OP
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHI58KDSxZd
Ars Almadel1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhwYOVuVW9l
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpv98SrnVkO
Ars Notoria1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRlWI6uMdlX
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFjeHI1qnkh
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2V1GG4OKO3
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaIG05yywMu
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmQEuDRZsoo
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFihV5dKZkN
5 Invidia (Envy)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz4emnVdNW5
6 Ira (wrath)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn0s9YJHwNn
7 Acedia (sloth)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlIUgjmZGuM
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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