The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWIbug7cvpV
Ars Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ87EfWuAmq
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSgxKyP8qjE
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlL9lxi1kV6
2) Duke Agares1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOEOn2wl94X
3) Prince Vassago1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2aTKhY3plf
4) Marquis Samigina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡli4DPWvQiS
5) President Marbas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSTjg7D2HX8
6) Duke Valefor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPcgWzChm1g
7) Marquis Amon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKhhjz2P0rX
8) Duke Barbatos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaSgZoOZjtR
9) King Paimon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAS4ha0567K
10) President Buer1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE0MTyOseVM
11) Duke Gusion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRzcrrV0Mnb
12) Prince Sitri1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhOq3clLPMj
13) King Beleth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnd7ovBphvJ
14) Marquis Leraje1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmh4i3UY8aX
15) Duke Eligos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaqKEwu935v
16) Duke Zepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9TRV6r4lHQ
17) Count/President Botis1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7oeORjVpdy
18) Duke Bathin1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5l9qjCl2ji
19) Duke Sallos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPUIWFsw2Pe
20) King Purson1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfrGWfrbrIL
21) Count/President Marax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvlvGYVBOiT
22) Count/Prince Ipos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFaEYEpGevS
23) Duke Aim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡInC69vSsJL
24) Marquis Naberius1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHmWfZYFBS0
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJtXwSbZQNZ
26) Duke Buné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMPp8dQRBi
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeEZiU47L5P
28) Duke Berith1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdfxApIcefy
29) Duke Astaroth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC61wVzaQxi
30) Marquis Forneus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5yrCgAT78l
31) President Foras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡakcOiYbpGQ
32) King Asmoday1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI1tZWprAct
33) Prince/President Gäap1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOAg6ti2sEV
34) Count Furfur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsa25M1XNlq
35) Marquis Marchosias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKAM4LP8d2W
36) Prince Stolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaIYgU4OxPr
37) Marquis Phenex1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9J1L3pWuK8
38) Count Halphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0W4af9EhLC
39) President Malphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnfUHLGi0dU
40) Count Räum1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB5g6zB3cfO
41) Duke Focalor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu7XppCTheF
42) Duke Vepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8sM5erJsee
43) Marquis Sabnock1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNaz6xYWWxv
44) Marquis Shax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPvzbv7rXW7
45) King/Count Viné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMBcGEZmBQz
46) Count Bifrons1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9N3RbrKzAP
47) Duke Vual1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeAmhke54n4
48) President Haagenti1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1RgAQhQSyJ
49) Duke Crocell1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPAvzdBaKNx
50) Knight Furcas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjh8HBRZoBv
51) King Balam1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡql1ffQv2YZ
52) Duke Alloces1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWoDUsNwrIf
53) President Caim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOTtx8dv6J0
54) Duke/Count Murmur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzyJjrH19Ne
55) Prince Orobas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbBdZHs9lgn
56) Duke Gremory1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAYfg4d9hWF
57) President Ose1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYuHlsBgUAj
58) President Amy1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGA4BdR9oUb
59) Marquis Orias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu1EdvkdGa5
60) Duke Vapula1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbZhWB6vTPB
61) King/President Zagan1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0TRWFkPcvc
62) President Valac1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR7peYS1unF
63) Marquis Andras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhYSuXDskmb
64) Duke Flauros1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2kxHQZ2fcc
65) Marquis Andrealphus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4LEy7UjGCD
66) Marquis Kimaris1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFRhyPFTejb
67) Duke Amdusias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLpkU34VhUD
68) King Belial1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡacYQYCUWGT
69) Marquis Decarabia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAkUVU8u34k
70) Prince Seere1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ31UajQ59xY
71) Duke Dantalion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEBPfoO8OHV
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnaicPYjI0F
Ars Theurgia Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKOruITySwv
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh0hDphun7Y
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Ars Paulina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1JdG0Wa7Sx
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTOIBmsSlx5
Ars Almadel1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7SHVbacful
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRpl01miWfd
Ars Notoria1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzfvtUpvfEA
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN1fMwBhdH3
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ13KZeBpyz3
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ZuEPxnK3p
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2itvStWFml
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG5X159zSj5
5 Invidia (Envy)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPtZhZwfeLL
6 Ira (wrath)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjhbFVT9u1O
7 Acedia (sloth)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVvPsuEhAKL
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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