The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAHwJngkRJJ
Ars Goetia1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaBpu3p5Rxt
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡphCwr08slD
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLxEfPBAiUL
2) Duke Agares1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRXqLohvkvr
3) Prince Vassago1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPUYTe9Gbxi
4) Marquis Samigina1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtoLKoQ7zRV
5) President Marbas1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjnQ6L1xAF1
6) Duke Valefor1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcCyug2Pphu
7) Marquis Amon1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0oDwc149OT
8) Duke Barbatos1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRhGDV4SuJF
9) King Paimon1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4jy4F2NgRQ
10) President Buer1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0oqua5tltb
11) Duke Gusion1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZAtIb16rWg
12) Prince Sitri1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBnykz9rVzs
13) King Beleth1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrBDNH1baXB
14) Marquis Leraje1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaEH50YK4VO
15) Duke Eligos1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8XucMB9E84
16) Duke Zepar1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBtLitL5fjQ
17) Count/President Botis1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtZz6dWnx6t
18) Duke Bathin1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf3BkqIW7pG
19) Duke Sallos1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrXMK9fQ0wT
20) King Purson1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMF1sz2XsYb
21) Count/President Marax1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIOjbGTKPyW
22) Count/Prince Ipos1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnAKrEUZyg8
23) Duke Aim1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnTJnQV6grm
24) Marquis Naberius1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYw3dGPNXQY
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6DO2uSjWqx
26) Duke Buné1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkrMOvHt4UR
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaAhQRYb0gj
28) Duke Berith1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpuyP5KUta6
29) Duke Astaroth1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY4jLMCAY58
30) Marquis Forneus1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD736PMNWl3
31) President Foras1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiPXrkDQwIm
32) King Asmoday1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfAFSvYyZkF
33) Prince/President Gäap1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1uv9jPeCRj
34) Count Furfur1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiTGf51jkJj
35) Marquis Marchosias1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ77bnoBG9nX
36) Prince Stolas1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe7pycp8QPi
37) Marquis Phenex1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO577pUs1yg
38) Count Halphas1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdxsxOl3lpX
39) President Malphas1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFO67shgSsr
40) Count Räum1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmOk6kIouBj
41) Duke Focalor1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH2m0eJ1DpT
42) Duke Vepar1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ90CxPq2onD
43) Marquis Sabnock1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCzqoK3qBb2
44) Marquis Shax1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEXQviFUh0P
45) King/Count Viné1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxX4WSDKGBN
46) Count Bifrons1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgpQFn42Ze7
47) Duke Vual1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡds75WDT39l
48) President Haagenti1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJfZOko2YlX
49) Duke Crocell1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdhery89yZo
50) Knight Furcas1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdLFZzI0Rae
51) King Balam1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjADWE5BwOD
52) Duke Alloces1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ90ZuzNRdgu
53) President Caim1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7bc1sUSUcp
54) Duke/Count Murmur1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3sWMO3h7Pl
55) Prince Orobas1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXgOIjAvZRd
56) Duke Gremory1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgL30lXraO3
57) President Ose1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0ezD79WZuv
58) President Amy1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5qtq8LJFVq
59) Marquis Orias1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpxfvt9PD63
60) Duke Vapula1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOc0fpD2YtK
61) King/President Zagan1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf5mTqZz2P6
62) President Valac1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJbdQ7NLlp4
63) Marquis Andras1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7tdwnNmokl
64) Duke Flauros1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMs6PuXtnM
65) Marquis Andrealphus1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4eNBisXi7S
66) Marquis Kimaris1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXvNPoGsxOh
67) Duke Amdusias1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡesh8XF8mlF
68) King Belial1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkmRGE7iEUQ
69) Marquis Decarabia1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH5Kd5bEc4e
70) Prince Seere1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoEYDoSklxQ
71) Duke Dantalion1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXOnLtjT3V4
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpvoK5HofAH
Ars Theurgia Goetia1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcqW8z1MSKv
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXIOXUOgyHK
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Ars Paulina1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlhlwZk7v7N
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM0NzyrUZTY
Ars Almadel1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHZt5kRpYJM
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdlxBPGyxHe
Ars Notoria1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbTyVWFztXl
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2H7be2yorP
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1YtulROkI1
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgNyg1yyBnR
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlPIgu8xeOX
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡirpCbTrKHG
5 Invidia (Envy)1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUW3Y51Jhur
6 Ira (wrath)1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzrl1FKQyAR
7 Acedia (sloth)1020Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMioFWI8E8o
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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