The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh7pgSbyftl
Ars Goetia1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGs3QpicDwF
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2XzL1PBpW0
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3dEtvGEVpj
2) Duke Agares1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhEeHkyEl6q
3) Prince Vassago1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3lVsiM99Vz
4) Marquis Samigina1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfI8y5zTjhz
5) President Marbas1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6GWtFMaOJG
6) Duke Valefor1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnOKnJ9Nzqt
7) Marquis Amon1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmLldTnLvKN
8) Duke Barbatos1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvdKrbSKR8U
9) King Paimon1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp93ZQf38GE
10) President Buer1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwE8z1BtLMV
11) Duke Gusion1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlE539EszhV
12) Prince Sitri1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz0fBKIyY7y
13) King Beleth1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡANQztRYU2f
14) Marquis Leraje1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrVbT3ufKBS
15) Duke Eligos1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD7EhAu2cAi
16) Duke Zepar1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgdBYbfRYUN
17) Count/President Botis1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZmjkbPYI1Q
18) Duke Bathin1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRoMJrNoCzx
19) Duke Sallos1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ95rIKIUdvd
20) King Purson1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL7DIIi5iV5
21) Count/President Marax1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKkcfcSmeWg
22) Count/Prince Ipos1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡULNyagSWkh
23) Duke Aim1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hMgjKuwrZ
24) Marquis Naberius1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxiANOR0gLT
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9VBJi2YkFf
26) Duke Buné1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLkHcf3ScEs
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH3gwCsDLyz
28) Duke Berith1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUKQQp5gtWE
29) Duke Astaroth1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW4Jv7BXF84
30) Marquis Forneus1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCiQVs1LLiU
31) President Foras1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcNW0AxzWbz
32) King Asmoday1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5UnNok8ajk
33) Prince/President Gäap1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHpC2vPJSn3
34) Count Furfur1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz6UdtCls34
35) Marquis Marchosias1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4SgIV4ZnSK
36) Prince Stolas1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡck9veggySx
37) Marquis Phenex1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7BCFgEo3jx
38) Count Halphas1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnvDmwIcGpi
39) President Malphas1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiOkwJHw80M
40) Count Räum1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXadMxzSvOR
41) Duke Focalor1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuIbchiKhvl
42) Duke Vepar1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRPce8p79zF
43) Marquis Sabnock1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrtG79pG0PU
44) Marquis Shax1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1aPuNlAkxg
45) King/Count Viné1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzp6ogEAnON
46) Count Bifrons1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA841wvgGo1
47) Duke Vual1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3pYSda3SYP
48) President Haagenti1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Q0FcqSn8X
49) Duke Crocell1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ogJHDqOE7
50) Knight Furcas1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1RTooFhjy8
51) King Balam1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡda1Gw8nZ3p
52) Duke Alloces1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkobh2dR96n
53) President Caim1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzLB042hROK
54) Duke/Count Murmur1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVR7c2bGQuY
55) Prince Orobas1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkDGNVGSjVY
56) Duke Gremory1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡowpM3YmwQ7
57) President Ose1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXiFLXzVae0
58) President Amy1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡebAWvGvgtt
59) Marquis Orias1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcw5hEviFSz
60) Duke Vapula1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcl7cmSAVvP
61) King/President Zagan1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5f7qVnjyzo
62) President Valac1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPE9vs7kDuB
63) Marquis Andras1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFcwRVoAO02
64) Duke Flauros1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKvNlKHUWgf
65) Marquis Andrealphus1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGFGwuBV6YK
66) Marquis Kimaris1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVWMf2UldYP
67) Duke Amdusias1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2YE2w73pzD
68) King Belial1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuslOxv07JH
69) Marquis Decarabia1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5JXDpfdLaK
70) Prince Seere1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjNyQnasMIA
71) Duke Dantalion1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrmRXR8pv8H
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmp6xAvhp5D
Ars Theurgia Goetia1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcVsKujhiOq
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡznCzLRPdxc
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Ars Paulina1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTRR1Rn9ioh
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZayhxavWRa
Ars Almadel1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSx5zNQKG5U
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv4ITpeeqW2
Ars Notoria1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJbDdMNFREG
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFiLUZXLor2
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGxbyQYWnoj
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpaIv5FHXNK
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlUEfdHVRXz
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyDefbRY3Co
5 Invidia (Envy)1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQaIOmtTsVk
6 Ira (wrath)1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuS4eqF9NIh
7 Acedia (sloth)1142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZxbnxgnEZ
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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